Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that develops in people that suffer from multiple traumatic brain injuries, multiple concussions, or multiple sub-concussive injuries. It can take several years or decades to before any symptoms may arise. Chronic Traumatic encephalopathy was introduced by Martland in 1928. During that time Chronic traumatic encephalopathy was termed “punch drunk” which was mostly sustained by professional boxers. According to the Center for Disease Control, traumatic brain injuries contribute to about 30% of all injury deaths. Traumatic brain injuries are classified as “severe” or “mild”. The most common type of TBI is mild and called a concussion. The CDC estimates 2.8 billion emergency …show more content…
We will also discuss concussions in children and athletes. We will cover how CTE is normally diagnose and we will discuss the ways imaging can help diagnose CTE in living humans. Chronic traumatic brain injury is a progressive neurological disease that is caused by multiple traumatic blows to the head. CTE is a rare disease that develops slowly overtime. Some symptoms are impaired thinking, impulsive behavior, depression, memory loss. Other symptoms also thought to be associated with CTE are: aggression, dysphagia, motor impairment, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and dementia.
There are a lot of ways to get a concussion or traumatic brain injury. The most common way to obtain a concussion or a traumatic brain injury is falling. Falling is a very common occurrence in young children and elderly people. Another common way to receive a brain injury is through sports. Concussions and traumatic brain injuries are an urgent public health problem because anyone could get a concussion, which could have lifelong
…show more content…
Studies By (pediatric neurology) have found that concussions with younger people are a concern because children’s brains are not fully developed. (pediatric neurology)” found that children that suffer from concussion might be susceptible to hypoxia, ischemia, and traumatic axonal injury. “ If a child’s brain does not have enough oxygen or blood supply, it can prevent brain growth or cause permanent damage. The best thing to do is try to prevent a concussion or traumatic brain injury from happening or protecting the brain as much as possible such as wearing a helmet.
It was previously thought that children brains were less sensitive to injuries because the brain had a longer time to rewire or rewrite itself. Since a child’s skull is not as strong as an adult skull they are more susceptible to skull fractures which can puncture the brain and cause serve damage. Studies by Virji-Babul, Borich (ped neurology), showed that in a child’s brain the frontal and temporal lobes are more susceptible to damage. Damage to the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain are a major call for concern because those lobes are associated with learning, memory, and
In the United States it is estimated that there are about 1.7 million traumatic brain injuries per year. Despite this high number there also thousands of other head injuries that go unreported. Of all those people the age groups that are most likely to suffer from such injury are from 0 to 4 and from 15 to 19, the second group being High School students. Of these traumatic brain injuries the most common is a concussion. According to research the problem with these injuries is that if someone has already received one concussion, they are 1-2 times more likely to receive a second one. If they 've had two concussions, then a third is 2-4 times more likely, and if they 've had three concussions, then they are 3-9 times more likely to receive their fourth concussion. All these concussions sustained by one person can result in further problems and even death.
Concussions are a very frightening and dangerous injury. A concussion is a traumatic brain injury in which your brain rattles around in your skull. When you sustain a concussion, your brain may jolt as a result from the impact. This form of brain injury can cause bruising, damage to the blood vessels, and injury to the nerves. Concussions are the most common brain injury. Although concussions are the least serious, they should not be taken lightly. Back in the day, people were unaware of concussions and the symptoms associated with them. As a result, people today especially former athletes are dying from past concussions. (Cantu, R. & Hyman M., 2012) Many people have seen, heard of, or had a concussion and they are relevant to everyone’s life.
The frontal cortex is the repository of the highest order cognitive functions. Being at the front of the head, it is susceptible to damage in frontal collisions, as it endures the highest-force portion of the trauma prior to dissipation (Stein, Alvarez, & McKee, 2015). Repeated concussion of the brain kills neurons, which may be an attempt by the brain to compensate for the injury or heal (Borich, 2013). Regardless, killing off large numbers of neurons is degeneration of the brain, and persistent concussion that kills many neurons impedes core higher order brain functions. Long-term brain damage from concussion has diverse symptoms that include convulsions, seizures, depression, cognitive degradation/impairment, and psychosis (Stein, Alvarez, & McKee, 2015).
Imagine a Mack truck going one hundred miles per hour and heading straight for one’s head. Professional athletes have described experiences to be similar to this when diagnosed with a concussion. A concussion is a traumatic brain injury that is caused by the jarring of one’s head of direct or indirect contact. It is mostly prevalent in high-contact sports, but can be obtained in any type of physical activity. Many short-term effects of concussions that are immediate signs include: headache, nausea, fatigue, dizziness, ringing in the ears, slurred speech, temporary loss of consciousness, confusion, and memory loss. However, the more serious, long-term effect of a concussion is Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). CTE has doctors, coaches,
CTE affect player with concussion because they can start developing CTE. CTE is known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy which is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain found in people with a history of repetitive brain trauma. Recent data have shown 17% of individual with repetitive mTBI may develop CTE. Athletes who return to play before their first event are healed place themselves at a significant risk of a second significant brain injury and the adverse effects of the cumulative process. Even though that the player might be clear from concussion but CTE continues to progress, continue to execute their effects and as long the individual lives, the worse the symptoms become. CTE can affect player behavior, mood, memory, and
Concussions are thought to be one of the main contributing factors that lead to the development of CTE. If you break down the word to its Latin origins, concussion stems from the word conutere, which means to shake violently. A concussion is a type of brain injury that occurs when a patient receives trauma to the head, causing the brain to shake. It is believed that players receive concussions when they are exposed to either linear or angular forces (Cantu, 2012).
A concussion is defined as “a type of traumatic brain injury—or TBI—caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or by a hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth. This sudden movement can cause the brain to bounce around or twist in the skull, creating chemical changes in the brain and sometimes stretching and damaging brain cells”. A concussion is considered a mild form of a traumatic brain injury; however, it can still cause serious short and long-term complications and risks; especially because of the more vulnerable brain of a pediatric victim. Children are at a higher risk for concussions and have a higher risk of more devastating effects because of the developing brain. Sports related concussions are
Football brain injuries are somewhat common and people are more aware of the types of damage it can cause to the brain. A concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury. It can occur after an impact to the head or after a whiplash-type injury that causes the head and brain to shake quickly back and forth. Concussions are usually not life-threatening, but they can cause serious symptoms that require medical treatment. Concussions are traumatic injuries that result in an altered mental state that may include becoming unconscious. It disrupts the normal functioning of the brain. Anyone can become injured during a fall, car accident, or any other daily activity. If people participate in impact sports such as football or boxing, they have an increased risk of getting a concussion. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that in 2010 approximately 2.5 million people in the United States visited the hospital with traumatic brain injuries. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is the term used to describe brain degeneration likely caused by repeated head traumas. It is a condition of brain damage which persists over a period of years or decades and which is the result of traumatic impacts to the brain. CTE is diagnosed only by an autopsy by studying sections of the brain. It is a very rare condition.
CTE basically make the cells spit out a protein that can spill out due to blunt force trauma this protein can disable neural pathways that controls things such as memory or judgement.
CTE stands for chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and according to the 2012 Rehabilitation Research and Practice Journal, ”CTE is defined as a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is a long-term consequence of single or repetitive closed head injuries.”6 The number of people who have the disease is unknown due to the fact that it can only be conclusively confirmed post-mortem. For the patients who (per se) could have the disease, they won’t all die at the same time. Any of the people who show signs or symptoms of those who were later confirmed with CTE cannot be 100% separated from other potential
In 2002 Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy was discovered by Bennet Omalu. Omalu was performing an autopsy on former NFL player Mike Webster. He discovered an odd amount of tau protein that had formed on Webster’s brain. After some research was conducted this formation was deemed the name Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. (CTE) This disease, is caused by repetitive brain trauma. This trauma then causes the tau protein to form on the brain and destroy brain tissue. The disease is deadly as it cannot be diagnosed till during the autopsy. The only way to know if someone has Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy is to guess based off their personal history with brain injuries and any possible symptoms.
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy formally known as CTE is a progressive degenerative disease that forms in the brain. CTE isn't something you get over night or after a few visits to the hospital for headaches, It's a disease usually found in athletes or regular people with a history of brain trauma, severe blows to the head or concussions (temporary unconsciousness caused by a blow to the head. The term is also used loosely of the aftereffects such as confusion or temporary incapacity).
The Mayo Clinic Staff described CTE as a progressive degenerative brain disease which there is no treatment or cure for. The diagnosis of CTE can only be recovered during autopsy of the brain after death of the patient. There is not enough information or data on the risk factors of CTE; however, those playing dangerous sports, develop injuries from explosives during war, or repeatedly bangs their heads may have a greater chance of developing CTE. CTE can be prevented if patients who have suffered one concussion stay away from injury prone activities to the head because they have a greater chance of developing a second head injury. I chose this article because it was unbiased and medically informative.
Traumatic brain injury occurs when a person is hit in the head with a blunt force. This significant force to the head can happen playing recreational sports, on the playground, being in a car or motorcycle accident, falling down at home and your head impacting something, a blast or explosion. Traumatic brain injuries are also the leading cause of fatality rate and disability, especially in children, young adults and elderly. TBI is a devastating condition that affects millions of people nationwide, because it can affect the nervous system permanently, it also messes with the neurological, musculoskeletal, cognitive and much more. TBI force a family to deal with not just the physical disability, with the behavioral and emotional roller
A considerable amount of factors play into the cause of a concussions. The human skull can protect your brain to a certain extent, but concussions occur when there is significant impact to the head without protection to shield it from the blow. The brain slides along the walls of inner walls of the skull, and bleeding may occur if the impact is violent enough. The thickness of the skull, more cerebrospinal fluid, presence of Arnold-Chiari malformation, and the characteristics of the cervical spine such as limited strength, range of motion, and flexibility may add to injury. Those involved in a sport without certain protection are at more of a risk, especially young people.