Chronicle of Le Mans

The history of Jews in host cities often depict a story of success or of failure when it comes to relations between the Jews and the Christians in Europe. Historian Jonathan Elukin, author of Living Together, Living Apart, presents the integration as a success process with rare, and special cases, of failure. On the other side of the spectrum is historian Raymond P. Scheindlin. Scheindlin’s novel, A Short History of the Jewish People, presents many cases of integration between the Christians and Jews that led to massacres and brutal endings for the Jewish community. There are many monumental events that take place during the long span of time that oversees European Jewish history, and both historians study and evaluate the events, however, they do so through different lenses.

According to the late Uruguayan journalist, Eduardo Galeano, “History never really says goodbye. History says, 'See you later.' This quote suggests that whatever happens in the past to people can come back to haunt them. In line with this quote, from Source E, “The Roots”, Barbara Rogasky explains, “...organized groups attacked defenseless Jewish communities, looted and destroyed them, and killed or maimed their inhabitants. Between 1900 and 1904, at least 50,000 Jewish lives were lost in such incidents” (Rogasky excerpt). Indeed, history repeated itself diabolically. The fatalities continued to extend all over Europe. The raiders were attempting to finish what they had started by killing 50,000 Jews. Earlier in the passage, “In the early years of Christianity, Jews were called Christ killers, murderers of [Jesus] … Jews were believed to murder Christians, especially innocent children … This was the infamous Blood Libel, which the Nazis made good use of again hundreds of years later” (Rogasky excerpt). Let's look and analyze further the quote that said Christians were believed to be murdered by Jews. The word “believed” raises the possibility that the ancestors of the Nazis could have themselves gone through racial discrimination by the Jews. As per Newton’s Law, “For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.” So, this hatred of the Nazi predecessors may have

Europe’s Growing Anti-Semitism is written by Mike Ross, and was published on October 20, 2014. In this article, Ross explains the disturbing anti-Semitic acts that are taking place in Europe and the effects it is having on Jewish communities. For example, in France three Jewish children and a rabbi were murdered in a Jewish school, four people were shot in a Jewish museum in Brussels, and violent riots have emerged outside numerous synagogues in Europe. Due to these

Since the beginning of the Judaism, the Jewish people have been subject to hardships and discrimination. They have not been allowed to have a stabile place of worship and have also faced persecution and atrocities that most of us can not even imagine. Three events that have had a big impact on the Jewish faith were the building and destruction of the First Great Temple, the Second Great Temple and the events of the Holocaust. In this paper, I will discuss these three events and also explain and give examples as to why I feel that the Jewish people have always been discriminated against and not allowed the freedom of worship.

no” and this shows just how predominant of an effect this threat had on the Jewish

Since the start of the Nazi occupation in Europe, Jewish communities and individuals were struggling with survival, and fought for their existence. Many Jews tried to evade or overcome the degrading Nazi decrees, that stripped them of civil and human rights, triggered isolation and denied them a livelihood. The Nazis simply wanted to create a condition in which no human being, particularly Jewish, can live or even exist. For a long time, the Jews’ view on the sanctity of life, a duty to protect one’s life, encouraged them to endure the period of intense pain and suffering. From past experience, the Jews thought that the terrible events of the Nazis would pass, the same as the pogroms. Over a period of centuries, from the Crusades to the

Jews were constantly wondering “how could our lives get any worse?” Unfortunately, their lives got a lot worse. By the peak of the Plague (when the death toll reached the millions), everyone across Europe portrayed a Jew as a demon. They wore Satan’s face with long black horns, and had a curly, ominous beard. Jews made a large anti-christ image. To make matters worst, bad rumors about Jews spread around as quick as a snap. Angry priests said that Jews kidnapped and tortured Christian children in part of their efforts to kill off Christians. Though the gossip was not true, people ate up the rumors and spread it even farther around Europe. Eventually, Christians decided that the Plague occurred because they let Jews live in their midst. So - their response? The Christians decided to kill Jews in return, and thus: the massacres began. It was estimated that only twenty percent of Jews died from the Plague, while eight percent died from execution. The Jewish population almost disappeared by the year 1390. In Frankfurt, Germany the Jewish population started at 19,000 and then lowered to 10 people by the end of the Plague. In 1267, “the council of Vienna forbade purchases of meat from Jews on the ground that it was likely to be poisoned”. Now Jews were the ones losing money, and Christians were profiting from the massacres. In Vienna, Jews died so quickly, a new cemetery was built. Back at Strasbourg, two thousand Jews were murdered in hope to find gold on their backs (because they were perceived as rich men). In Mainz, the Jews rebelled against the Christians but failed terribly. The Jews killed 200 Christians, but the Christians retaliated by killing more than 12,000 Jews. The famous “Trial at Chillon”, in September 1346, said that Jews poisoned certain wells at Neustadt. Despite being innocent, the Jews were tortured. In Hansa, spring 1350: “Jews walled up alive in their houses and left to die of

As the first crusade began to take shape in 1095, Christians and Jews had an abrasive, or challenging, relationship. While there was nothing in the papal program that was explicitly anti-Jewish, Christians had long had a negative perception of Jews. To the acolytes of Christ, followers of the Torah were, “…Enemies of the Christian faith, regarded as responsible for Christ’s death on the cross” (Tyerman 30). To blame a group of people for the death of a beloved spiritual leader, is to cause friction between two followings. If this was the reason for the hatred of Jews, what

Have you ever noticed that when people talk of Jews, at least in a protestant church, that the Israelite legalism, rituals, dress and hair standards are the first things to mind? The topic of Judaism may come with stereotypical opinions and “Christian Judgement” that are without merit or understanding. Judaism, by a Christian worldview, had to change after Pentecost, since the animal sacrifice to atone for sin Christ completed on the Cross. However, Judaism does not accept this truth of Christ and His work on the cross, but Judaism remains in the world. So, what was this change in Judaism and when did it take place? There have been numerous fluctuations within Judaism, only the theme constructed in this essay has its foundations around the most important facet of Judaism- the Temple. With the Temple in the forefront of this essay, we will discuss the modifications that Judaism went through, at what time, different perspectives that the destruction of the Temple had, and how the Christian sect views these vagaries. The Temple destruction of A.D. 70 converted the Jewish faith in its singular fashion, while, at the same point, the Jewish faith never had a total change by always changing throughout time.

Throughout the history of the world, the Jewish people have been persecuted and oppressed because of their religious beliefs and faith. Many groups of people have made Jews their scapegoat. Jews have suffered from years of intolerance because people have not understood what the religion really means. They do not understand where and why the religion began, nor the customs of it's people. For one to understand the great hardships, triumphs, and history of the Jewish people one must open-mindedly peruse a greater knowledge of the Jewish people and faith.

In this short extract, the hatred in the lines radiates off the page. The reader is given a clear picture of how Racial discrimination was so evident in those days. The hostility and hatred between Christians and Jews is very well presented and written. It allows the reader to further understand how life was back then and how it may or may not have changed. The author’s use of language and literary devices was cleverly used to show the reader what he was trying to

Levine’s book titled The Misunderstood Jew: The Church and the Scandal of the Jewish Jesus proves to be a highly informative resource when trying to understand the intricate relationship between Christianity and Judaism. Levine’s primary objective seems to be a desire to address the idea that there is a vast, irreconcilable disparity between the beliefs and practices of Christians and Jews. Levine’s central argument focuses upon a common misperception of this dissimilarity: it is the result of Jesus being in direct opposition to Judaism. Furthermore, she contends that only a decided openness and interfaith dialogue between Christianity and Judaism can truly provide the most complete and compelling portrait of Jesus’s life and work. To me, the most edifying facet of Levine’s argument was her call to anchor Jesus within the historical and cultural context in which he was teaching in order to best understand his work and his message. Levine not only provides support for this idea throughout The Misunderstood Jew, but near the end of the novel also offers up ways in which both Christians and Jews can reconcile these two ostensibly conflicting perceptions of Jesus. Therefore, in this essay, I will analyze Levine’s arguments regarding the importance of historical/cultural context in Chapter One and Chapter Four while synthesizing it with her solutions presented in Chapter Seven.

The split between the Indy Racing League and Champ Car was considered a tough and bittersweet “pill” to swallow. The split seems to revolve around a directional disagreement which strayed away from the original vision of the IndyCar Company. Throughout my research, I have found no true definition if the split was completely unsuccessful, but the evidence would definitely suggest this idea. Additionally, when the split occurred, a rift was created among the many supporting fans and the once committed corporate sponsorships (Ferrell & Hartline, 2014). The split did come at a time of strong competition and a declining economy. However, I did discover that during those times of hardship (IRL & CART) focused on specific marketing plans that

Many religious conflicts are built from bigotry; however, only few will forever have an imprint on the world’s history. While some may leave a smear on the world’s past, some – like the homicide of Semitic people – may leave a scar. The Holocaust, closely tied to World War II, was a devastating and systematic persecution of millions of Jews by the Nazi regime and allies. Hitler, an anti-Semitic leader of the Nazis, believed that the Jewish race made the Aryan race impure. The Nazis did all in their power to annihilate the followers of Judaism, while the Jews attempted to rebel, rioted against the government, and united as one. Furthermore, the genocide had many social science factors that caused the opposition between the Jews and Nazis.

Christianity and Judaism are major world religions which, though they worship the same God, have marked differences which have caused two thousand years of strife and animosity between the two religions. In his book We Jews and Jesus, Samuel Sandmel likens the link between Judaism and Christianity to a type of parent-child relationship, saying, “Early Christianity was a Judaism; within a century after the death of Jesus it was a separate religion. It was critical of its parent, and hostile to it, and elicited from its parent reciprocal criticism and hostility.”1 Opposing views of Jesus Christ caused the initial rift between Judaism and Christianity and is the primary source of the tension between