Cigarette Policing

Active smoking and disease relationship was first studied as case-control studies in Germany during 1939 and 1943which revealed a strong association between active smoking and lung cancer [1]. After that large number of studies were conducted which established relationship of tobacco smoke with

The consumption of cigarettes negatively impact the health of smokers and nonsmokers exposed. In this section we will focus in the negative heath effects of consumption in smokers. The consequences of tobacco consumption to the health appeared in the early twentieth century. there are published thousands of articles and reviews of this theme and show us that smoking is related with alterations in all organs and systems.

Regardless of consumer belief, smoking dramatically increases the chances of contracting many diseases - such as heart disease or high blood pressure. Although not every user experiences these diseases, it is well known that smoking can decrease one’s life time dramatically. The information given states, “It’s virtually impossible to escape the effects of tobacco” (Jordan). This stated, Jordan expresses that essentially if you use tobacco, there is a fairly high chance that one will damage his/her body in some way. Furthermore, there are many more diseases that can be contracted and the ones stated are only the most common. Continuing, the author explains the affects of smoking, “Expose to specific elements of secondhand smoke causes blood clot more easily and damages arterial lining” (Jordan). As stated, certain components in tobacco increase the chances of high blood pressure and blood clots to form in the body. Concluding, respiratory problems in young children can occur through second hand smoking, these include asthma. Children that asthma effect increases from smoke, “Asthma turns out to be about twice as common in children exposed to high levels of second hand smoke” (Secondhand Smoke: Is it a Hazard). Not only does tobacco smoke increase other diseases, it also increases the severity of diseases already contracted as shown in the previous quote. To conclude, tobacco smoke

Think of someone who you love that smokes, now think of that person getting a fatal diesease that could cause heart attacks,strokes, or cancer. These dieseases are harsh realties for many smokers. The stamp out smoking website released and advertisment that made a major impact. The ad is all black and the main message is smoking kills so why bother starting? This question has caused many smokers to think twice before smoking.

Realizing that people with MHD’s have been identified as having a higher rate of nicotine use and that MHD’s range in severity (both between disorders as well as within a disorder) from mild to extreme. Using The Clinical Global Impression – Severity Scale, to rate the severity of the patient's illness at the time of assessment, a patient is assessed on severity of mental illness rating 1, normal, not at all ill too 7, extremely ill. That being said, I wonder, of the remaining smokers, how many have symptoms of a MHD, but whose symptoms do not rise to a diagnostic level, are high functioning and have never been identified, or have simply fallen through the cracks. Does chemical imbalance account for an even higher rate of smoking than is currently known or reported? Is there a connection between MHD’s and other chemical dependencies that correlate to specific chemical imbalances within specific disorders and patients? Are cigarettes, as a gateway drug, an initial drug of choice due to accessibility, acceptability, legality, and lack of overt adverse societal

There is a little research on the causes of PD. Some assumptions are made, including issues such as severity of childhood abuse and neglect, as antecedent risks to the development of PD in adulthood. Mental factors and genes such as brain injury or a lack of serotonin is thought to be a part of the cause. (Cohen, et.al. 2001).

In another study, Conklin’s group exposed e-cig vapors to mice. Conklin and his group found out that when a person is exposed to e-cig vapors, there is a buildup of plaque in the arteries and blood vessels. Zelikoff’s group exposed pregnant mice to e-cig vapors. All this data concludes that vaping may threaten the brain, gene immunity, and gene-activity. A second piece of evidence from research shows that when male mice are exposed to nicotine-laced vapors, they show no change in gene-activity.When female mice are exposed to vapors laced with nicotine, it altered the activity levels of 148 genes in the brain frontal cortex. But among rodents exposed to vapors free of nicotine, a whopping 830 or more genes in the frontal cortex show substantially altered activity. That activity was either much higher or lower than in unexposed mice. Most of the time , over-or under-activity of genes is not considered healthy. Both females and males were about equally affected. “We were so surprised” said

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been consistently observed in brains of PD patients. There is increasing pharmacological and genetic evidence sustain a link between PD and mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction, particular a deficit in mitochondrial complex I (Franco-Iborra et al., 2015). Accidental exposure to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), an mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, has been known to result in acute and irreversible syndrome that was almost indistinguishable from PD (Calne and Langston, 1983; Langston and Ballard, 1983). Later on, mitochondrial complex I inhibition has been identified in the brains of sporadic PD patients (Schapira et al., 1990). In addition, chronic systemic inhibition of mitochondrial complex I by pesticide rotenone has been found to link to sporadic PD (Betarbet et al., 2000). Interestingly, mitochondrial complex I deficiency has been found not only in the postmortem substantia nigra but also in cerebral cortex (Schapira et al., 1990), which is consistent to the cortical glucose hypometabolism observed in PD patients. Indeed, the pathology of PD has been found to involve several brain regions other than the SNc and many neurotransmitters other than dopamine (Lang and Obeso, 2004a, b). PD models using MPTP and rotenone have now been used extensively in PD research (Beal,

Smoking is a major contributor to the development of COPD, with approximately 90 percent of the people suffering with COPD are current or previous smokers.

Cigarettes are the number one cause of death in the U.S. and yet they are still on the shelves. People know the damage tobacco does to the body, and yet they still continue to smoke, chew, and sniff it. Cigarettes and tobacco products needs to be criminalized. Smoking is the number one cause of cancer in the United States. About 50 million people smoke cigarettes in the United States.

There are nearly 40 epidemiological studies that have been published about this topic. In the late 1950's the first report about negative association between smoking and Parkinson’s disease is done by Dorn, 1959 (5) who reported decreased PD occurrence among smokers after conducting mortality studies. Later on several epidemiological studies have found that the relation between cigarette smoking and PD in patients who smoke are 50% less likely to have PD when compared to the non-smoker counterparts. This piont out that cigarette smoking may have a “neuro-protective” effect on PD (29). In the 1970’s more studies, both case-control and longitudinal were achieved, and mostly supported the negative association and protective effect of smoking in

Nowadays, smoking causes cancers, for example, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, oral cancer, etc. become a common sense. Instead those well-known diseases, there are some researches shown that if women smoke during pregnancy, it would increase the risk of pregnancy complications, premature delivery, low-birth-weight infants and sudden infant death syndrome. Besides, there is a research tells that cigarette smoking might be associated with erectile dysfunctions, which is a big issue in Chinese culture. Related to elderly, a research has shown that smoking is related to nuclear cataracts. Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness. The risk of developing cataracts for smokers is two to three times as nonsmokers (Surgeon General's Report, 2004).

Have you ever been in a room full of people who are smoking? Have you ever questioned why they would put their health as well as yours in jeopardy by smoking? Did you ever think smoking could be good for you? Peter Brimelow says just that in his article “Thank You for Smoking…?” In Brimlow’s article, he explains all the health benefits smoking can provide you. Such evidence as that of D.M Warbutton, a British researcher who said that smoking stimulates alertness, dexterity, and cognitive capacity(141). Citing a number of scientific journals, Brimlow has also found that smoking can reduce the risk of developing such diseases as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s,

Researchers have found that cigarette smoking reduce risk of Parkinson disease (PD) by half for heavy smokers compared to non-smokers persons. Cigarette smoking is confirmed as risk factor for various diseases such as heart disease, lung cancer, and COPD. However, beneficial effects of cigarettes have been discussed over the years. It was in the late 1950’s studies reported an adverse association between smoking and Parkinson’s disease. More recently, several epidemiological studies supported the negative relation between cigarette smoking and PD. These findings suggested that patients who smoke are 50% less likely to have PD when compared to the non-smoker colleagues. This indicates that nicotines, which is the addictive

A conversation is normally started as a smoker asks for a light or a cigarette. In addition, it is also difficult for a person to quit his/her friends whom they smoke together. Some of the long-term effects of smoking include sleep disorders irritability, lack of concentration severe headaches and anxiety. Pure nicotine is said to be extremely poisonous and it can cause death. Currently, use of nicotine is said to be causing the highest number of deaths in the United States. It causes