Cinozoic Era Research Paper

Paleolithic: The Paleolithic period lasted from about 200,000 b.c. to about 10,000 b.c. It was the early phase of the Stone Age; and encompassed a steady development of stone tools, antler and bone artifacts, engraving on bone and stone, and paintings on the walls of caves and rock structures. There was not much structure built or agriculture done in this period as the people lived a nomadic lifestyle, migrating with the herds of animals they hunted for food.

Ancient civilizations have had profound effects of what we know as the modern world today. The primary purpose for anything that lives is to survive. Throughout history animals, plants and humans have adapted to their surroundings. All living things have changed throughout time. The thing that differs humans from rest is, humans are more cognitively advanced. Over the course of time the shape and size of the human skull has changed. The size of the human brain has increased, which has allowed humans to adapt more to their surroundings. To survive, humans were making tools for hunting and to cut with. The closer you lived to the equator the darker your skin may have been, so you could adapt to the intensity of the sun’s rays. If you lived further

The Paleolithic Period is the earliest time period man has been alive, and the longest of the Stone Age's. It dates from 2,000,000 B.C to 10,000 BC The people of the Paleolithic Period lived simple lives, which consisted primarily of survival. Man's life was simply to hunt, eat, and survive, while the woman's job was to gather and watch over the children.

     The Paleolithic Period is the earliest time period man has been alive, and the longest of the Stone Age's. It dates from 2,000,000 B.C to 10,000 BC The people of the Paleolithic Period lived simple lives, which consisted primarily of survival. Man's life was simply to hunt, eat, and survive, while the woman’s job was to gather and watch over the children.

The Jurassic Period is a time period were new dinosaurs were being discovered and found. It was about 199.6 to 145.5 million years ago. Some of the species that were found in the Jurassic Period are the Stegosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Brachiosaurus, and Allosaurus. Each dinosaur had their own characteristics for survival.

Shifting from the end of the Permian period 250 million years ago into the next era, the Triassic period occurred between 250 and 199 million years ago and was know for further diversifying life on land. After the Permian period, the Triassic period was largely successful in adapting and evolving, as the world was going through many changes. The land mass known as Pangea began its separation, which would be completed in the Jurassic period. The climate was relatively more severe during this time, with hotter summers and colder winters, but because of the warmer atmosphere, there were no polar ice caps at this time. Towards the center of Pangea, it was mostly a dry desert climate. As for life on earth, most of the marine life had been wiped

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dy of plant fossils and the understanding the evolution of plant life and ecology of earlier eras is known as paleobotany. Paleobotanists concern with fossil records of plants and their geologic history greatly describes the main concept of paleobotany. Only a small percentage of the plants that ever lived left evidence of existence. The major plant fossils that have been discovered are mineralized wood, flowers in amber, leaf imprints in coal, or other plant life many years ago. Paleobotanists document fossil records and use this evidence to find the past evolution of plants.

The first is the foraging era, the second in the agrarian era, and the third is the modern era. According to David Christian,"The past is seamless, fluid, and continuous.There are few natural breaks, so any attempt to divide the past into neat chronological chunks must be artificial. Periodization always does violence to the complexity of the past, and even the most conscientious attempts at dividing up the past involve some distortion." (p.__). Even though Christians scheme of periodization isn't perfect, it is the most efficient way of periodization, as "It will sacrifice important details to sketch out the larger patterns." (p.__). One of the things that Christian did to keep the story fluid and continuous was describing the transition period between areas. The foraging era was the longest of the three eras. It started with the first appearance of humans in 250,000 years ago in East Africa . They hunted for food and gathered all of their supplies. Their lifestyle left little room for innovation. As human populations increased, foragers were forced to either finder more efficient ways of getting food out of a certain area or they had to migrate. "Overpopulation would have posed a clear choice: migrate or intensify."(p.29). This was the birth of the agrarian era. Agrarian societies were able to support more people, so villages began to form. As the societies got bigger and more powerful, they

The Cretaceous Period had a similar climate to the Jurassic, warm. The geography, however, was changed a drastic amount from the previous period. The Earth had very high sea levels at this time due to the lack of polar ice caps. The supercontinents Laurasia and Gondwana were breaking apart into the continents that are the same in the present day. Although the continents were the same, they did not yet look exactly the same. The continents will be further shaped by volcanic activity and tectonic plate activity. The shaping of the modern era was under way.

The Axial Age demonstrates a major shift in the way humans think from 700 B.C.E to 100 B.C.E. These ideas inspired a new set of more philosophical or spiritual explanations and became more widespread geographically from the East Mediterranean to China. Civilizations during this era of time witnessed the development of several new religions including Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Buddhism, and Christianity. Furthermore, thinkers led new discoveries within the developments concerning concepts of creation, monotheism, and divine love.

The Paleolithic is divided into three phases which are Lower, Middle, and Upper. The upper stone age began about 42,000-37,000 years ago and has continued up until the ice age ended. Their ways of forms of communication are much different of the way we communicate now. Their forms of communication is visual arts which consists of

The Paleolithic Era consists of hunter-gather societies. Living a nomadic lifestyle, the Paleolithic people followed their PREY and used resources provided by the land. AS A RESULT, THEY WERE ALWAYS MOVING SINCE they hunted mammoths, bison, deer, and rodents and gathered roots and berries. The earliest humans used very rudimentary and basic tools for tasks like cracking open bones and preparing animal hide. These tools were later improved on to help provide protection, food, and clothing. By the end of the Paleolithic Era, the hominids made weapons for hunting and food preparation, such as spears and the bow and arrow, out of bone and were creating more advanced stone and wood structures. There is also evidence of fishing. The development of tools helped hominids adapt to different

Another was the formation, about 3 million years ago, of the Isthmus of Panama, which connected North and South America and diverted the oceans’ circulation t a more northward pattern. Since the first northern-hemisphere glaciers formed, 2.6 million years ago, the polar ice caps have expanded and contracted in response to variations in the Earth’s orbit around the Sun, causing cold spells alternating with warmer periods, like the one we live in now. There is no reason to believe that another Ice Age won’t come. In the past, warm cycles lasted about 10,000 years, and it’s been that long since the last cool period. Human-made pollutants may also have an effect on the Earth’s climate cycles. The Pleistone period was between 2 million and 10,000 years ago. This was the time of the “Ice Ages,” when climates alternated between conditions similar to those of the present day, and periods when great glaciers spread over large parts of the Earth. Between 15,000 and 10,000 years ago, many large mammals, including saber-toothed cats, ground sloths, mammoths, and mastodons, became

In Mesozoic era, there were only two continents present in the world. Mesozoic era’s climate compares to the Paleozoic era is more uniform and there were no trace of glacial isotopes observed in that period. That is because of the