Cirrhosis Case Study

In the presented case scenario, we have Mr. Gil Martin who is a 55-year-old Hispanic male. He comes in to the clinic today with complaints of weakness, fatigue, and loss of appetite. A student nurse will be precepting your assessment of Mr. Martin and when collecting subjective and objective data

Cirrhosis is the 11th leading cause of death by disease in the United States. Almost one half of these are alcohol related. About 25,000 people die from cirrhosis each year.

Acute Hepatitis B GNUR543 St. John Fisher College Mr. Wilson is a 47 year old man being evaluated for complaints of fatigue, anorexia and abdominal distention. On examination, it is noted that the skin is jaundiced and the liver enlarged. D.W. denies significant alcohol or drug use. He denies any known

Liver Cirrhosis Your Name HCS 245 April 16, 2014 University of Phoenix Dr. Tobey Tam Liver Cirrhosis As the Directors at the Sharp Rees Medical Facility, we will be talking about the liver. The liver is a very important organ in the human body as it does not just perform one function but is involved in multiple tasks. Some interesting facts about the liver; it weighs under five pounds, it has a shape like a half football and everyone is born with one. Just like most other disease or disorder, if the liver has not been taken care of properly there are many negative outcomes that can affect and destroy the liver. There are many complications when the liver is abused or damage for example cancer, hemochromatosis, gallbladder or

Cirrhosis and Related Liver Disorders The liver is the largest gland and second largest organ in the human body. It is also the only internal organ capable of regeneration following injury. Located in the abdominal cavity, this reddish brown organ is divided into lobes of different size and shape. The liver plays a critical role in metabolism, digestion, elimination, and detoxification, among other processes. This organ performs a surprisingly large number of functions that influence virtually all other body systems. This is why diseases of the liver can be so devastating. One class of chronic diseases affecting the liver is cirrhosis. (Kasper, 2008)

Patients with renal failure, tissue destruction, adrenal gland disease and certain medication can increase potassium levels in the body. High levels of potassium can lead to cardiac arrest. Potassium rich food should be avoided until potassium levels return to normal. Medication such as a water pill can be administered to remove excess potassium via the urinary track. High amounts of potassium can lead to life threatening heart changes and intake of potassium should be stopped until potassium is within normal range.

Cirrhosis of the Liver Cirrhosis of the Liver: Causes, Detection and Prevention University of Phoenix- Online Campus Cirrhosis of the Liver is a horrible disease that takes the lives of many people every year. There are many causes, symptoms, ways to diagnose and treatments that surround this disease as well as many ways that this fatal disease can be prevented.

Disease Process: Hyperkalemia Introduction Potassium (K+) is a major intracellular cation and is responsible for electrical conduction throughout the body. Additionally, it is necessary for proper heart and muscle function, and digestion. The normal serum potassium range is between 3.5-5.0 mEq/L; hyperkalemia occurs when potassium levels exceed 5.0 mEq/L. Monitoring and treating hyperkalemia is quintessential to primary care as excess potassium can heart blocks and ventricular fibrillation which can result in sudden death (Pannone et al., 2012).

1. Extracellular compartment(ECF) is affecting the early fluid loss. 2. The loss of sodium ions contributes to dehydration because it’s causing the fluid to shift out of the bloodstream and into cells. 3. Some of the early signs of dehydration Mr. K.B. is showing are dizziness, sunken eyes, dry mouth, low blood pressure,

Hyperkalemia is a common electrolyte imbalance characterized by elevated serum potassium. Hyperkalemia is defined as serum potassium concentrations greater than 5.5 mmol/L (normal range is 3.5 to 5.0 mmol/L). In the body, ninety-eight percent of potassium is intracellular, and the 2 % left is extracellular which is needed for nerve conduction and muscle contraction. For this reason, extracellular potassium concentration is tightly regulated through renal potassium excretion. Up to 90% of dietary intake of potassium is excreted by the kidney. As kidney function declines, the kidney compensates and aldosterone levels increase in order to boost potassium excretion. However, compensatory mechanisms may become overwhelmed, and result in hyperkalemia (Raymond & Wazny, 2010).

 taking too many potassium Finally, changes in body potassium may not be a concern if you do not have risk factors. Healthy kidneys are often enough to regulate body potassium. Medical conditions that affect levels should be monitored regularly. Call your doctor if you experience any unusual symptoms.

The liver is one of the most important organs in the body due it performing many critical functions, two of which are producing substances required by the body such as clotting

Potassium metabolism disorder The normal value of serum potassium is 3.5mmol/L ~ 5.5 mmol/L. Serum potassium concentration was lower than 3.5mmol/L, which can be diagnosed as kaliopenia, while lower than 2.5mmol/L was severe kaliopenia. Diagnosis should be combined with medical history, symptoms and signs. In clinical work, the serum potassium concentration was 3 mmol/L, which is the dividing line between patients undergoing elective surgery or not.

P.P.I therapy is often used in patients with cirrhosis, sometimes, in the absence of a specific indication (e.g.: acid related diseases), there are conflicting reports for their use in cirrhotic patients. The dosage of most PPIs should be reduced in cirrhotic as they are metabolized by the liver and associated with adverse effects of prolonged use.

Alcoholism was the commonest cause of cirrhosis 51 (72.85%), with incidence of chronic hepatitis B being 5(7.14%). 13 patients had cirrhosis of unknown etiology. This finding was different from that of Maric et al 10 where 43% had chronic hepatitis B infection