Cisplatin (NH3) 2CP-Based Chemotherapy

Significance: understanding the mechanism of drug resistance in cancer leads to developing more potent drugs.

Some of the immediate physical complaints include constantly feeling cold, bloodshot eyes with dark circles, finger calluses, dizziness, weakness, lackluster hair, moodiness, insomnia, no menstruation, swollen glands, weight loss, sore throat, or dry skin. Some of the long-term effects include extreme weight loss, gastrointestinal pain, diarrhea and/or constipation, malnutrition, loss of tooth enamel,

Therefore, the most notable P53-induced mechanisms in mediating this response are cell cycle arrest and apoptosis [18], which activation depends on the cellular context and the extent of damage [20].

Cancer is a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells. The DNA sequence in cells can be changed as a result of copying errors during replication. If these changes whatever their cause are left uncorrected, both growing and non-growing somatic cells might gain many mutations that they could no longer function. The relevance of DNA damage and repair to the generation of cancer was obvious when it was recognized that everything that causes cancer also cause a change in the DNA sequence. Tumor suppressor genes are protective genes and normally they limit cell growth by monitoring the speed of cell division, repair mismatched DNA and control when a cell dies. When a tumor suppressor gene is mutated cells grow

One of the medications is a Chelating agents. Chelating agents are medications that remove extra copper from the body by releasing it into the bloodstream. Once the cooper is in the bloodstream, the kidneys can filter the copper. A side effect of chelating agents is that nervous system symptoms may become worse during treatment.

Some other common side effects include: decreased blood pressure (hypotension), fatigue, sensitivity to the sun (photosensitivity), hallucinations, headache, insomnia, mental depression, high blood potassium levels (hyperkalemia), low blood sodium levels (hypernatremia), diarrhea, inflammation of the mouth (stomatitis), inflammation of the liver (hepatitis), and inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, megaloblastic anemia, and thrombocytopenia, and crystals in the urine. Kernicterus can also occur in

Certain chemotherapeutic and biologic agents make individuals more at risk for CIPN. Some of these include, but are not limited, to platinum compounds, taxanes, vinca alkaloids, and certain anti-cancer biologics such as lenalidomide and bortezomib (Piccolo and Kolesar, 2014). Additionally, certain patients are at even greater risk for developing CIPN than others. This includes patients that have a history of diabetes, HIV, alcohol abuse, and vitamin B deficiency; as well as those with malnutrition, previous chemotherapy, or radiation treatment,

Adverse reactions to this medication are migraine, speech disorders, rhinitis, sinusitis, hyperglycemia, elevated liver function, elevated serum creatinine level, pancytopenia, bronchitis, dyspnea, toxic epidermal necrolysis, anaphylaxis, elevated creatine kinase, generalized pain, and infection. Nursing considerations with this medication is to have the patient swallow the whole tablet and not to chew. Watch for aspiration while watching the patient take the medication. Educate the patient about the medication and inform them to notify a physician if bleeding

Genomic research has shown that the presence of certain gene alterations/mutations can reliably predict the likelihood of clinical benefit using agents that inhibit the expression of defective genes responsible for carcinogenesis or DNA repair. Relevant to this case, is the demonstration of an altered ATM gene that appears to predict the sensitivity to PARP inhibitors, such as olaparib. Clinical responses have demonstrated in at least one clinical trial. 1 Olaparib has been granted “Breakthrough Therapy” designation by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer harboring an ATM gene mutation. Based on similar data, olaparib has already received FDA-approval for use in treating metastatic ovarian cancer in patients having a BRCA 1/2 mutation. The benefit of “Breakthrough Therapy” designation is to expedite development of

It also has severe side effects on patients as it may cause bladder cancer, hepatic failure and increase the risk of heart failure.

In conclusion, current study provides evidence that the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin alone or in combination with licorice is less effective in comparison with that of licorice alone in case of the treatment of HCC in rats. cisplatin has been one of the more efficient anticancer chemotherapeutic agents because it effect in multiple intracellular sites in order to induce death in tumor cells. Nevertheless in order to increase the efficiency of cisplatin, other drugs are used in combination. More research is necessary in order to improve anticancer treatments and to decrease toxic effects. Our results demonstrate that the aqueous extract of licorice showed a significant effect in amiolerating liver functions as well as estoring hepatic tissue in acute liver diseases when the extract was administered in single dose per day of 2gm/kg body weight. The potency of the different treatment regimens in HCC therapy is arranged in the following order: licorice alone > licorice plus cisplatin > cisplatin alone.

The enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) damages normal tissues and therefore results in toxic side effects of chemotherapeutic agents. However increase use The chemotherapy(DOX) is accompanied by various side effects such as vomiting, diarrhoea, anorexia, lethargy, fever, alopecia, anaemia, neutropenia etc. (Sorenmo,2003)

Certain chemotherapeutic and biologic agents make individuals more at risk for CIPN. Some of those include, but are not limited to platinum compounds, taxanes, vinca alkaloids, and certain anticancer biologics such as lenalidomide and bortezomib (Piccolo and Kolesar, 2014). Additionally, certain patients are at an even greater risk for developing CIPN than others. This includes patients that have a history of diabetes, HIV, alcohol abuse, and vitamin B deficiency; as well as those with malnutrition, previous chemotherapy, or radiation treatment, or those taking more than one antineoplastic agent

In 1994, Seewaldt and colleagues (phase II trial) evaluated the role of Paclitaxel in 100 patients of progressive ovarian cancer that showed platinum resistance, after 3 ineffective chemotherapy regimens. The trial had 6 cycles with patients receiving 135 mg/m2 Paclitaxel, over the course of a day, every 21 days, in addition to the elective backing of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF). After the 3rd cycle 25% of patients showed partial or complete response, while another 34% showed disease stabilization. Six cycles later, 24% continued showing response, and 6% reached complete response. Overall, Paclitaxel was well endured apart from the 4% who developed bowel perforation or fistula, and had a response rate of 25% in patients with

Dose-limiting toxicity describes a situation when side effects of a particular treatment or use of a drug are serious or severe to prevent an increase in a drug dose or level of treatment. Cisplatin remains a major antineoplastic drug for the treatment of solid tumor and is classified as an alkylatin agent. Nephrotoxicity is a major dose-limiting toxicity that is related to cisplatin.