Cisplatin

Article Critique: Transtympanic injections of N-acetylcysteine for the Prevention of Cisplatin-induced Ototoxicity A Feasible Method with Promising Efficacy Riga, M., Chelis, L., Kakolyris, S., Papadopoulos, S., Stathakidou, S., Chamalidou, E., Xenidis, N., Amarantidis, K., Dimopoulos, P., Danielides, V. (2003). Transtympanic injections of N-acetylcysteine for the Prevention of Cisplatin Induced Ototoxicity. A Feasible Method with Promising Efficacy. American Journal of Clinical Oncology

of a drug are serious or severe to prevent an increase in a drug dose or level of treatment. Cisplatin remains a major antineoplastic drug for the treatment of solid tumor and is classified as an alkylatin agent. Nephrotoxicity is a major dose-limiting toxicity that is related to cisplatin. There are key components of nursing assessment that should be conducted on a routine basis to monitor cisplatin nephrotoxicity include prior and continues monitor BUN,creatinine and GFR level. Also, at the

Robert Edward Courtney, 70, who pleaded guilty to sexually assaulting his employers’ six year old daughter in Melbourne last year, has been resentenced to two years imprisonment as well as a non-parole period of 15 months. On 15 March 2016 while working as a cleaner in the home of the Kellers’, he was accused of sexually assaulting their six year old daughter by pushing her onto her bed and licking her genitals while he had been cleaning her room. He had let her go once she had him pushed away, allowing

Introduction Since its discovery four decades ago, cisplatin has been widely used for chemotherapy showing a potent activity against a broad spectrum of tumors and demonstrating one of the highest cure rates (Kart et al., 2010; Yousef et al., 2009; Wang and Lippard, 2005). Cisplatin cytotoxic effects result mainly from its interaction with DNA via the formation of covalent adducts between certain DNA bases and the platinum (Yang et al., 2006). Unfortunately, cisplatin treatment is plagued by many problems including

Chemotherapy encompasses the use of chemical agents to stop the growth and eliminate cancer cells even at distant sites from the origin of primary tumor. Cisplatin, cis-diamminedichloro platinum (CP), with the molecular formula cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2], is one of the most remarkable platinum-based drugs used in the battle on cancer 1-3.Its cytotoxic mode of action is mediated by its interaction with DNA to form DNA adducts, primarily intrastrand crosslink adducts, which activate several signal transduction

Introduction Cisplatin (figure 1a) is a platinum derived alkylating-like, anti-proliferative compound and is also known as cis-diammine-dichloro-platinum (II) (CDDP). It is one of the most effective anti-neoplastic drug that is used in the treatment of several neoplasias such as lung, ovarian, bladder and testicular cancers 1. It was synthesised in 1844 by M. Peyrone (figure 1b). However, it did not attain any scientific importance until 1965, when Rosenberg, Vancamp et al at Michigan State University

1.1 History In 1965 Barnett Rosenberg made the accidental discovery of the biological use cisplatin whilst conducting an experiment on the effects of electrical current on the bacterial E.coli (Escherichia coli). When the electrical current was turned on, it was observed that the cell division was inhibited causing a decline in the density of the bacterium. However, when the electrical field was turned off, the bacterium returned to its normal density. It was later found that the inhibition of cell

SCLC is a highly aggressive tumour with a propensity for early metastases and a high case-fatality rate. Systemic treatment with doublet platinum plus Etoposide ( cisplatin 60mg/m2 D1 or carboplatin AUC5 IV day 1 ,Etoposide100mg/m2 IV Day1 and 200mg/m2 oral day 2 and 3 is recommended for all stages of this disease and has been a standard first-line therapy for SCLC since the 1980s.(Hann 2008) SCLC is aggressive tumour and if left untreated, patients with SCLC survive for a median of 2 to 4 months

INTRODUCTION What are lung cancers? Lung cancers are the abnormal cells which grow in uncontrolled manner in one or both lungs. They do not function as normal lung cells and do not develop into healthy lung tissue. The abnormal cells can grow, form tumours and interfere with the normal functions of the lung (Lungcancer.org, 2015). Lung cancers can be divided into two major types, namely non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancers (SCLC). NSCLC can be further classified into three

them from dividing and growing, more specifically, it works by induction apoptosis (Nordqvist 2015). Most anticancer drugs tend to activate the inactivated apoptosis pathway or modify detective apoptosis genes such as cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (Hassan et al. 2014). Cisplatin is platinum drugs (Rafi 2006:48). While 5-FU is antimetabolites drugs (Rafi 2006:51). Those two drugs are considered the first-line therapy for cancer (Haydon 2015). Apoptosis is highly genetically regulated program that