Citizen Participation : An Individual Choice

Political socialization is “the way in which individuals acquire the information, beliefs, attitudes and values that help them comprehend the operations of the American political system” (Socialization, Slide 2). In short, this is how Americans get their political knowledge from those four sources. The family plays the biggest role in the knowledge of an individual. Children typically spend the most time with their parents and they learn their parental attitudes. This shapes later of how they will think politically in life. Schools teach us the citizenship skills and democratic norms. Some of these political norms include symbols like pictures of American heroes or the American flag (Erikson and Tedin, 132). Schools shape how the person will use these skills and norms in life. During pre-adult socialization, political knowledge and support for democratic values is very weak among the youth. Only fifty-two percent are aware of religious freedom, while fifty percent say that the government can censor the Internet (Socialization, Slide 7). Another reason of why some citizens would lack political knowledge is according to the minimal effects model. This model believes that voters only pay attention to candidates that they

Many scholars believe that falling civic organization membership and the general decline in our Social Capital has negatively impacted voter turnout.” (Kaufmann. 145) To summarize, people in the United States are “less involved” with other groups and other people as a whole, so it is only logical to feel they would be less involved or interest in our political and governmental future.

Verba and his co-authors examine the import of participation, both voting and non-voting, in our American society. According to their argument, the typical citizen activist “tend[s] to be drawn disproportionately from more advantaged groups–to be well-educated and well-heeled and to be White and male” (Verba et al., 1995: 231). Indeed, Verba et al. explore participation along both gender and racial lines and concludes that both women and minorities are comparatively less active than men, especially white men, who stand peerless both in terms of affiliation with a political organization, contributing to a campaign, contacting their Representatives, and more direct forms of participation like voting.

America is facing an all-time low in voter participation. Since 2014 the voting population has decreased by “thirty-six and four-tenths percent” (DelReal). Many theories explain the stigma of voting in America. According to the Wolfgang “the leading theory is: many minority voters are discriminated upon and do not believe their vote will count.” Many laws created infringe on the rights of Americans, however, when citizens do not vote the government seizes control on controversial issues , which in turn creates solutions that are less than satisfactory to the civilians.

For one, immigration policies might be important when it comes to a family without papers, while financial aid and tax reform might be important to another. Regardless of the situation, one’s consciousness is affected when one does not vote, even if they do not realize it. Everyone is different, that is why personal involvement in the voting polls is one of the most important things one can do to contribute to their own life in the United States, but along with self-thinking, there is also a larger role that takes place by voting.

Political socialization often times begins during childhood; most parents do not consciously indoctrinate their children into partisanship, but they are nevertheless the main teachers of political attitudes. This early identification, according to Hershey, takes hold before children have much information as to what the parties

Civic Engagement Fair: Reflection Essay Socrates once said, “Perfection is constant change”. We live in a world that is constantly changing from the economy to the technology to even our everyday lives. This constant change can be seen particularly through the political process. The Civic Engagement project reflected these changes immensely with differing parties and their platforms, the various ways individuals could participate in the political process and how people discover their own ideals.

This chapter reviews the much-discussed low voter turnout and the poor percentage of other forms of political participation in the United States. After reading and reviewing the material in this chapter, the student should be able to do each of the following:

Since the United States of America established itself as its own self-governing country, one of the things that caused it to be salient and stand out from other countries is its relentless insistence on functioning as a democracy. Wars and protests have occurred so that every type of people, whether it was women or African Americans, may be granted the right to vote. Having a say in the American government is an honor and a privilege bestowed upon American citizens when they reach the age of eighteen. However, in recent years, statistics have shown that voter turnout and participation in recent elections has been rapidly and steadily declining, causing the United States to have the lowest voter participation in the world (“Is the System

The citizens of the United States of America populate a very privileged nation relative to the majority of developing countries. Americans are able to exercise a multitude of rights. Despite having freedom to the most basic of rights, Americans do not take full advantage of their liberties. One such instance relates to American’s right to vote in elections. Presently, U.S citizens of differing heritage, skin color, gender, and social standing has the liberty to vote for the authoritative figures who will run their government at the local, state, and nationwide scale, yet very few U.S citizens are present at voting polls during off year elections. The cause of the nationwide absence at the polls is reflective of U.S. citizens’ distrust of the political system and their state of ignorance concerning current national issues.

In a pluralist country such as America, there are numerous opinions over what society's goals should be, and the best method of achieving them. In theory, every American citizen has an equal say in the political affairs of this county. By participating in politics, people air their voices and thereby contribute to nation through representatives, hence the term representative democracy. It may seem to be beyond argument that political participation is a key objective in all democratic institutions. However, there is room for legitimate disagreement about the health of our democracy, in regards to the extent of civic participation. This raises the important question of how much participation there actually

If not a single citizen were to participate in a democracy, that democracy would cease to exist. The very idea of a democracy is the notion that the people are in power and, therefore, will participate. Nevertheless, the trends of American voters in recent years have revealed that turnout is at a low point. According to Thomas Cavanagh, since the peek of electoral participation in post war 1960, voter-turnout has continually been on the decline (53). In other words, people just aren’t participating in the voting process as they used to. Moreover, this trend of low turnout doesn’t seem to occur only in less exposed congressional elections. Today, even in the highly publicized, closely contested, and salient presidential elections, only about 60% of the eligible voters participate—which is relatively low compared to the functioning democracies of Europe, where turnout consistently averages around 80% (The Case 591). The question for political scientists then becomes whether or not this trend of low voter turnout in American elections affects the government’s representation of its constituents (Teixeira 152). Put differently, do the results of a low turnout election actually represent the will of the people? Some political scientists assert that it does not, and believe that compulsory voting would be the quickest and most effective way to end this hindrance on representative democracy. Others, however, see it differently, and believe there is a set of traits that

Voters play a large role in the election process, therefore their participation and knowledge can determine a lot. Many voters are participating less as the elections go on, due to not being fully informed or educated. “About one-half the eligible electorate does not participate in presidential elections, and turnout for local elections is much lower than that” (Hall, J. S. & Jones, P. M.). With turnouts as low as they are the younger generations are even more reluctant to register to vote let alone play a part in the actual elections. The lowest registration turnouts are beginning with the eighteen to twenty-four year old groups (Hall, J. S. & Jones, P. M.).

The group that has caused concern in their voting outcome is the young population group that live in rural areas or areas where there is a lack of civil institutions and a low rate of political participation. Stereotypically, the young population tends to vote more liberal than the older, more conservative age groups, but recently the young voters who live in rural areas have defied this trend. The past election saw more than half of the rural youth voting for Donald Trump’s more conservative ideas, while 55% of their urban and suburban counterparts voted for Clinton’s liberal platform (Kawashima-Ginsberg 2017, 1). The term “Civic Desert” has been coined to describe areas of the country where young adults do not have the available resources for education about government, and where there is little exposure to current political issues. These areas see numerous differences in political opinions and usually see more hostile views towards our nation’s government (Kawashima-Ginsberg 2017, 1). These “Civic Deserts” do not have to be in rural areas but about 60% of them are. There is a serious problem that needs to be addressed when young adults are having hostile opinions about our government due to the fact that they simply are not educated or informed enough on various political topics and issues. Their opinions seem more to be based on their feelings of alienation from the government and their environment, instead of their own personal opinions developed by

The data I will be analyzing comes from the United States Citizenship, Involvement (CID) Survey conducted in 2006. The survey was produced by Georgetown University’s Center for Democracy and Civil Society (CDACS) with an aim at illustrating “American civic engagement in comparative perspective” (Howard, Gibson, & Stolle, 2006, p.3).