Citizens With Disabilities Research Paper

The need for police to receive well-developed trainings regarding individuals with disabilities is on the rise as police interactions with these individuals has

Immigration policies have been under fire for their racist under- or overtones. As Rees states, "Canadian immigration policy has historically always been determined by racial preferences." Institutionalized racism is a problem in Canada, in spite of the many official policies and programs designed to manufacture an equitable society. For example, Canada's Human Rights Commission and Employment Equity Act are both admirable but "Canada fails to fully implement" their guidelines (Song). Racial profiling is also a problem in the Canadian law enforcement and immigration sector. One study shows that Canadian residents who are African or black receive "harsher treatment" than white residents, and are also "overrepresented in police statistics of charges and arrests," (Ontario Council of Agencies Serving Immigrants).

Police organizations across Canada must improve by implementing new community policing strategies to foster a healthy relationship with the population, and must include mandatory ‘cultural sensitivity training’ for all officers. This will be vital in understanding the post-colonial impacts of residential schools, such as intergenerational effects, thus improving their responses to situational exigencies.

Discrimination towards ethnic minority continues to find its way in our country. Unfortunately, the subject of racial profiling remains a part of Canada, as officers ignore individual behavior and instead, rely on race in police investigations. According to Katheryn Russell (as cited by Amy Hackney & Jack Glaser, 2013) racial profiling is defined as “The use of race or ethnicity by law enforcement officials as a basis for judgement of criminal suspicion” (Russell, 1998). Racial profiling within our country can be exposed through Canadian history, surveys and interviews from those treated unjustly. All of which stakeholders attempt to remedy for the victimization of the innocent.

There has been a significant body of literature which has attested to the veracity of the argument that black Canadians are victimized via racial profiling. For example, the Commission of Systemic Racism in the Ontario Criminal Justice System found that the majority of black respondents surveyed had been treated unfairly by the Canadian criminal justice system (Wortley and Owusu-Bempah, 2011, p.133-134). Furthermore, Canadian research studies have consistently revealed that blacks are more likely to come into negative police contact compared to Caucasians (Wortley and Owusu-Bempah, 2011, p. 135). Alarmingly, suspected black offenders are also more likely to be shot and experience use of force by Canadian law enforcement personnel than their white counterparts (Wortley and Owusu-Bempah, 2011, p. 138).

No community in Canada comes into conflict with criminal justice system officials more disproportionately than Aboriginals (Dickson-Gilmore, 2011, p.77). Indeed, Aboriginal Canadians are often subject to both overt and unintended discrimination from Canadian law enforcement due in large part to institutionalized reputations as chronic substance abusers who are incapable of reform (Dickson-Gilmore, 2011, p.77-78). One of the more startling contemporary examples of this is the case of Frank Paul; a Mi’kmaq Canadian who was left to die in a Vancouver alley by officers of the Vancouver Police Department after being denied refuge in a police “drunk tank”. Not surprisingly, this event garnered significant controversy and public outcry amongst

Different races, sexual orientations, and genders are all encompassed by a single word, diversity. Diversity is defined as a variety or range of different things. Organizations, employers, and companies are looking to include minorities and multiculturalism into the work place in order to become more diverse. In the past decades the police services have made significant efforts to achieve a status as an employer of choice and increase the recruitment of minorities. Police services in Canada and around the world are starting to respond to the realities of diversity in the societies which they live. By using laws, policies and mandates employers are starting to get an accurate depiction of their community representations. Under and over-policing methods by police against minorities is one of the few issues minorities face due to lack of diversity in the police service.

Toronto police’s carding epidemic continues, despite the recent public outcry to abolish it. Seldom efforts continue at the provincial level. Ontario’s minister of community safety, Yasir Naqvi is yet to understand the public’s issue with carding with his confusing double standards. The importance of public input in this process is just as important as the police and elected officials are. The public must be educated on this matter. Carding must end. It is a form of racism and has no place in Toronto.

Toronto police’s carding epidemic continues, despite the recent public outcry to abolish it. Seldom efforts continue at the provincial level. Ontario’s minister of community safety, Yazir Naqvi is yet to understand the public’s issue with carding. This is not about elected officials or the police, but the rights and freedoms of the citizens. The input of the public is important in this process, and to understand carding is prejudice behavior. Carding is a form or racism and it has no place in Toronto.

In the article “Aboriginal People and Confidence in the Police,” Liqun Cao addresses the inherent mistrust that aboriginal Canadians have with the police, when compared to non-aboriginal Canadians due to their history of inequality. Cao uses the few accessible studies on Aboriginal people to demonstrate the social and economic inequality of the group. The research revealed that high risk factors such as victimization, low-income, and community disorder’s in the Aboriginal communities influence the views of people towards the police. This can have severe implication for at risk aboriginal communities as the cooperation and underlying trust between the police is important for the safety and well-being of everyone. In addition, Cao goes further

The Toronto’s Anti-Violence Intervention Strategy allows officers to put Black people, specifically Black males, under more intense police watch. The Ontario Human Rights Commission in their report on systemic racism acknowledged the existence of severe racial bias against blacks throughout the justice system (Toronto Star 2013). The social construction of black criminality coupled with the denial of certain rights can further debilitate effects of racially discriminatory practices against blacks. By referring to minority groups as criminally inclined and certain neighbourhoods as high-priority, police can target racialized neighbourhoods thus avoid being labelled discriminatory. It is clear from our findings that differential police practices

As stated by the founding fathers of America “All men are created equal.” Black, white, brown, short, tall, smart, and dumb, all are created equally. Therefore every person deserves fair judgement. Unfortunately, it is a profound fact that not everyone is born normal and capable of task typical for a common person, who is free from disability. In my opinion, the quote “All men are created equal” serves to promote a friendly environment that helps encourage equality among people and aids to recognize the similarities rather than the differences that separates men. Even so, with this hope, the disabled community still struggles for equality. According to Legal Rights by the National Association of the Deaf (NAD), “Almost 10 percent of all

…“Children with disabilities should be educated in the most open and normal environment possible (the least restrictive environment); when needed, evaluations, diagnose, and treatments should be done without stigmatization and discrimination.”… (Pg. 176)

Most individuals can identify a police officer by their uniform, which subconsciously conveys power and authority. People with a presence of a police officer tend to hide or stop any illegal, deviant activities, because of the sudden worry of getting caught. Canada is a place of numerous cultures, and ethnicities that fused together to create a strong sense of multiculturalism, but depending on the background and social status of the individual the police

In my essay you will learn about Jamaican and Haitian culture and their outlooks on disability. Laster on you will see the comparisons between those two cultures and the American culture. I selected the Jamaican culture because it has always been a dream of mine to visit Jamaica. I selected Haiti because I am not well educated on their culture.