21.2- The Triumphs of a Crusade
• Freedom of the Buses o Even though the bus system had officially been desegregated, this does not mean it was a popular decision.
A group of African Americans came together to form the freedom riders, which focused on sparking violence in order to convince President Kennedy that this rule needs to be heavily enforced. o There were two buses that were driving through Alabama when they were suddenly attack by over 200 whites that assaulted all the African American passengers and destroyed the bus itself with a fire bomb.
No matter how many times buses were stopped and the passengers were beat horribly, these freedom riders would tirelessly keep moving forward and returning to these cities to show that
…show more content…
Army Veteran James Meredith was able to win his own federal court case that allowed him to finally enroll to the school of his choice.
However, as usual, the governor would not let this fly by him, and it took actions of President Kennedy to order state marshals to escort Meredith, but this just caused riots to spark that evening. o It took a total of fifteen hours and several arrests to finally put out this riot, causing the need for police and army officials to escort Meredith and his family everywhere they went to keep them alive. o This was only one city in which Civil Rights reforms began to spread, as the next area of interest would be the city of Birmingham.
In 1963, Martin Luther King gathered all the African Americans he could and planned peaceful demonstrations to bring change in one of the most discriminatory cities of America.
Despite getting arrested on his first march, King managed to bail out of jail and perform a second peaceful march, having more people on his side as each day
…show more content…
In addition, Congress passed another Civil Rights Bill in honor of this action taken, making the African American more hopeful than ever that true reform is now to come.
• Washington March and Voting Rights o In order to further persuade Congress, Philip Randolph and Bayard Rustin would get together with Martin Luther King to arrange one of the largest gatherings: a peaceful march upon Washington D.C.
On the faithful day of August 28 in the year of 1963, over twenty five thousand people of all races drove to the nation’s capital.
At the Lincoln Memorial, everyone stood in the sun to hear Martin Luther King Jr’s famous speech, “I Have a Dream” which was and still is remembered as a national event.
Unfortunately, this simply sparked even more violence back in Birmingham. o Two months later, President Kennedy was assassinated and was succeeded by Lyndon Johnson who passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which basically banned all forms of segregation everywhere.
With this being a success for the Civil Rights movement, they extended their goal towards receiving equal voting rights, and this campaign became known as Freedom
The Freedom Riders used another tactic of nonviolent protests. The Freedom Riders on their bus just sat there and they counted on the racists to provoke a reaction. CORE Director James Famer said: “We felt we could count on the racists of the south to create a crisis so that the federal government would be so compelled to enforce the law.” The Riders began facing little resistance. “You didn't know what you were going to encounter. You
Kennedy and later signed by president Lyndon Johnson ended segregation. History.com staff agrees, “The Civil Rights Act, ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement.” The decision to approve this act was a long process lasting 22 days. Congress voted 71 in favor 29 against; thus, the act has passed into law (Civil Rights Act of 1964); the law is considered one of the greatest advancement in the civil rights
Background: This is part of the march on washington for jobs and freedom. The march is to help make segregation illegal. Segregation was a law made during jim crow laws times when he thought that blacks didn’t deserve to go to school or work with white men and women. The march took place at Washington D.C and was lead by Martin Luther King Jr. The date was August 28th, 1963.
Johnson signs the civil rights act of 1964, among the other guest, which was Martin Luther King Jr. To conclude with the act, it ended unequal application of voter registration and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by people that served the public, for example such as theaters, park and other public
Martin Luther King Jr. wanted a demonstration, or protest, of the situation of the blacks and whites to be held in the most segregated city in the United States, Birmingham, Alabama. The Birmingham March took place between April and May of 1963. The protests and rallies were both peaceful and nonviolent. However, the police got tired of the daily protests and arrested hundreds that they found to be responsible for taking part in them and used unnecessary force, such as high pressured
As the trip started the first two days were uneventful and in fact pretty easy. One rider said if it says the same then will have accomplished what we came to do. Martin Luther King Jr. was an icon for these riders and some of the riders were pulled aside to talk with him. As they are heading into the most dangerous location of the trip many are becoming fearful. Upon arriving to Alabama, there were about 200 people around the bus stay screaming at them and calling them names. Some of those were: “ let’s kill these niggers these nigger lovers”(Freedom Riders). They stood around the bus to make sure that the bus could not move. One rider said, “we sat there for about 10-15 minutes but it felt like hours”. Once, the driver was able to drive out of the bus stop there was a car diving in front of him that was making it difficult to get by. Just as they thought things could not get any worse the bus gets a flat tire and the bus drivers tries to fix it but couldn’t so he walk away and leaves the riders on the bus to fend for themselves. As the bus is sitting there a
In 1963, Martin Luther King became the most known civil right leader of his time. During this time Martin Luther King gave a speech in front of the Lincoln Memorial during the March on Washington. Many whites in the south at this time did not see any racial harmony that King spoke of that would happen (Black History Timeline). Not long after some white supremacist bombed a Baptist church in Birmingham, Alabama killing four young African American girls. The church bombing was the third one Birmingham had in eleven days. This happened a few days after the government started to integrate schools. This was a dangerous time and area to integrate because Birmingham, Alabama had one of the most dangerous and strongest leading KKK (Black History Timeline).
In 1961 James Farmer knew he had to get the attention of the press but he didn’t know how. Then he had the idea of The Freedom Riders (TFR) and what these people would do is get about a hundred of them and get on a bus but they would take up all the seats and not get off so no one could get on. They were never violent about anything they did. Some people had the idea for the bus waiting room too. Black people would crowd up the white waiting room so the white people had to go into the color waiting room all the while all of the TFR were nonviolent. This worked until disaster striked TFR were doing the usual crowding up a bus and I guess some people got fed up with in because the bus stopped and then burst into flames. In the after math there was reports of a old man Walter Bergman that was in a wheel chair was beaten half to
The next goal in the movement was desegregation on public transportation. The Freedom Riders of 1961 were mostly young and evenly divided between whites and African Americans. Aboard two buses, the group drove through the South to test segregation laws through the use of non-violence. However, while driving through Alabama, the buses were attacked by a white mob. Though the Freedom Rides were short-lived, they inspired many others to participate in the civil rights movement.
On August 28, 1963 more than 250,000 civil-rights supporters attended the March on Washington. Addressing the protesters from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech. Profoundly, he proclaimed for a free nation of equality where all race would join together in the effort to achieve common ground. King stated his yearning for all colors to unite and be judged by character, not by race. African Americans would not be satisfied until their desire for freedom from persecution, bitterness, and hatred prevailed. Not only were the points in his speech powerful, but also the delivery he gave was so persuading and real
The Freedom Riders tested this decision and poor implementation of the law by riding the buses in the South in blended racial groups to test neighborhood laws or traditions that upheld seating segregation on buses. The Freedom Rides, and the brutal responses: stirred outrage, and supported the Civil Rights Movement. They called national attention to the
The issue did not end there – if anything, the whole controversy was inflamed still further when state officials and students at the university voiced their opposition to Meredith being given a place there. Threats were made against Meredith and Robert Kennedy, the Attorney-General, sent federal marshals to protect Meredith. Riots followed and 160 marshals were wounded (28 by gun shots) and 2 bystanders were killed on the Oxford campus.
The freedom riders did not just speak about what they thought should be done they also risked there life so that all African Americans would not be treated badly because of there skin color “The freedom Riders”(Holmes , Martin Smith).The freedom riders had to stand up to people that made there life horrible , made
Martin Luther King Jr. knew of the constant racism and cruelty in Birmingham, Alabama and decided to lead a march in 1963. Martin Luther King Jr. and Ralph Abernathy, treasurer of the SCLC, led a group of fifty marchers toward city hall in Birmingham (Boerst, 12). Martin Luther King Jr. and the protestors wanted to stand up
This was the day the black and white people of Montgomery stopped riding the buses. The same courthouse agent also represents the Supreme Court, where segregation on buses was ruled in violation of the constitution and was made