Cladogram Research Paper

Prior to the development of DNA technology and the sequencing of organismal genomes, Charles Darwin suggested that the “tree” of life can be traced back to a single root (Koonin and Wolf, 2012). While Darwin’s theory was primitive, it laid the groundwork for the phylogenetic trees that are currently studied in science classrooms around the world. The three-domain tree, containing Eukarya, Archea, and Bacteria, soon became too simplistic due to the realization that some bacteria possessed the ability to exchange genetic information by horizontal gene transfer (Koonin and Wolf, 2012).

The following is the journey of a hero who goes by the name of the Bronze Prism. The Bronze Prism is a hero who fights for justice, no matter the cost because he is genuinely concerned about the welfare of others. His nonviolent ways allow him to dethrone enemies by projecting images and illusions into their very minds. By day he is known as Bryan Smith and by night he is known as the Bronze Prism.

A lot of people may wonder how the characters on the cladogram contribute to the success of life on land. A cladogram is when you have a group of characteristics that ultimately share the same character state and you are comparing the ones are not shared within the group, which is an outgroup (Lab Manual). On page 115 it shows a table of land plants and we had to figure out the character states for each moss, fern, Gymnosperm, and Angiosperm. The character states for this table were terrestrial, embryo, dominant sporophyte, vascular tissue, seeds, secondary growth, flowers, fruit, gametophyte dependent on sporophyte, pollen, sporophyll, sporophyte dependent on gametophyte, Archegonium, and double fertilization. So how do these characters

The Domain Eukarya is one of the three domains recognized in Linnaean taxonomy. Within the Domain Eukarya is the Kingdom Protista. This Kingdom is extensive but can be subdivided into three general categories: slime molds, protozoa, and algae. Each of these subdivisions has unique characteristics that distinguish them from one another. Prime examples of these different characteristics can be found in Physarum, Giardia, and Spirogyra.

The most important invention in medical history is the invention of the X-ray. The X-ray is a wave of energy that is a form of electromagnetic radiation. The X-ray uses a cathode to channel a flow of electrons into a vacuum, and an anode to collect electrons. The vacuum evacuates the heat which is created by the collision. This then creates beams that pass through the body, and give us the ability to see metal, fat, bone, tissue, muscle, cancer, and other things that might be in your body, in a black and white picture. Doctors are then able to process an image of inside your body to help see what is going on, and to help with diagnosing different diseases or illnesses. This invention was discovered by and named after Wilhelm Rontgen.

Selenite is one of the crystalline varieties of gypsum, a common mineral found in sedimentary rocks, and is available in several varieties, shapes and color variations. It is created through the evaporation of salt water from ancient seas, and its essence resonates with the salt water contained within the human body. Selenite is an extremely soft crystal, Hardness: 2 on the Mohs scale, and is fragile; in fact a person can scratch it with a fingernail. The white, shimmery and luminous form known as Satin Spar is the variety that most people associate with Selenite, but all varieties, shapes, and colors are high vibration crystals which assist with mental clarity and insight. Selenite also enhances telepathy and instills a warm deep peace while

It is a fact that 80 % of the earth’s history is solely a microbial life and continues to be a dominant life form. Living organisms can be grouped into three different domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. The differences between these three domains is concerned with rRNA, cell membrane lipid structure, and the sensibility to antibiotics. Prokaryotes includes members of bacteria and archaea while eukaryotes contain organisms that belong to the eukarya domain. For this compare and contrast we will only focus on two domains which are archaea and bacteria domains.

Mold Treatment- Have you noticed someone in your home sneezing or getting sick a little more than normal lately? Is there a strong mildew or mold smell in your house? Do you see a few spots of mold appearing in your air ducts, intake vents and drip pans? Mold outbreaks in HVAC and air duct systems pose greater challenges to the home than isolated growth in walls or ceilings. While mold growth outside is natural and good for the environment, indoor mold growth, especially when it is located inside the air ducts, drip pans, coils among others, can be dangerous. Considering the fact that ductwork circulates air throughout your home, mold growth located in the ducts could mean your family will be breathing unhealthy air. Not to mention, mold allergies are a

Plate tectonics is the theory that explains how the Earth moves and deforms. Plate tectonics was first developed in the late 1960's and has created a new view on how we think about the Earth. Ever since this theory was preconceived geologists have had to reevaluate almost every aspect of geology.

I am a Mineralogist and my job is to study minerals. A mineral is classified as a natural, inorganic substance. I use many tools when I am at work and one of the tools that I use is called a microscope. I use a microscope to analyze the shape, surface markings and other physical properties as well. A day as a mineralogist would probably start with a bus ride to a particular destination. Then after i get to the destination i go to an underground mining area and i find minerals. When i find minerals i observe them using my microscope to identify what the mineral is. When i observe minerals, I observe them in a laboratory. To be a mineralogist it is helpful to have a Bachelor of Science degree because mineralogy is all science!

The metamorphic rock I chose to research is Gneiss which is foliated.The protolith for this rock is schist and granite. It can be identified by its streaks, bands, and lenses. This rock is known for its strength, and hardness,it is also rough to the touch, the color varies, from dark and light bands. Gneiss rocks is a very diverse group that includes igneous rocks and metamorphosed sedimentary rocks.This rock is formed by regional metamorphism takes place when the materials and substances are deep under the ground. It is a high-grade metamorphic rock which means it recrystallizes under intense heat and pressure. This transformation makes the size of the mineral grains bigger and segregates them into many different bands, this formation also

Woese has considered every possible opposition towards his idea of the ribosomal tree, however, with the phylogenetic methods his idea of the Tree of Life was diminished, because of the early comparative genomics which made it clear that the tree of life was constructed by the Horizontal Gene Transfer and led to the disbelief of the Tree of life. 1. Interpreting the universal phylogenetic tree. 2. HGT and the universality of the genetic code. 3. Cellular Evolution. In the first paper, the author’s main focus is to inform us about the Universal Ancestor. The vital point about the Universal Ancestor is Woese claimed that the Horizontal Gene Transfer was the reason behind the evolution. The Ribosomal tree of life was built in reference to the Universal Ancestor. In the second paper, the Author states that Woese for the first time acknowledged HGT and genetic coding to be underlying direction towards Woese’s claim on evolutionary era. In Woese’s second paper he believes that the tree of life is pictured as the center development of evolution. Lastly the third paper, The Author addresses the biggest problem in the evolution of biology; cellular evolution. He exclaims that the tree of life has been a factor of the

For a long period, up till now, I loved the early life of earth. Kimberella, Dickinsonia, and, later in time, Hylonomus were some of the creatures I studied. To find out, I went online to look around. The first question I looked at, to me at least, was the diversity of life in the early periods of life, specifically the Ordovician.

This outlines that the relative configuration and position of homologous structures must be maintained between the different species that possess them.

Eukaryotes come in two grades of organization: single-celled (protists) and multicellular (plants, animals, and fungi). The world today is full of complex multicellular plants and animals: how, why, and when did they evolve from protists?