Clark's Theory On Situational Crime Prevention

This perspective looks at how the environment affects human behavior to the extent that an individual may not commit a crime as a rational actor or out of free will. In doing this it utilizes both statistics and geography, in order to find patterns that may not be seen by the average person. Looking at the maps and data collected over time an ecological criminologist analyzes the patterns to predict criminal behavior. An example of this is the “thermic law of crime,” which shows that different types of crime tend to be more prevalent in certain seasons of the

Out of all themes in Danticat’s “Krik? Krak!” flight has been used in nearly every section in her novel. Flight in her book was associated with fire, blood, hope, freedom, and religion. Heat rises therefore if you can control it you can fly to hope and freedom. Flight and fire are commonly together, this relation can be found in 1937 having wings of fire, the relation is strongest in “A Wall of Fire Rising”.

Scarce research is available on active offenders due to their unwillingness to corporate with researchers and past and convicted offenders may have changed their perspectives after being convicted or left their lifestyle of crime. The most reliable data on these offenses and their perpetrators may come from active burglars themselves. Richard T. Wright and Scott Decker’s book, Burglars on the Job seeks to explain the reasons why burglars commit the crimes they do. They have taken their research to another level by gaining the trust of active offenders in the St. Louis area and gaining inside knowledge of these criminals’ daily lives and their crimes. This paper will address

Professional code of ethics is the fundamental cornerstone in relation towards human services. According to Reamer (1998) ethics in human services consist of four main periods: the morality period; the ethical theory and decision making period; and ethical standards and risk management period. That is why the area most relevant to human services from the three general subject area, normative ethics studies the moral action regarding acceptable behaviours and conducts for practitioners to follow regarding the standards and values that deem pertinent and appropriate for those working these fields. It helps cover real dilemmas that might take place concerning the duty of care, responsibilities and the rights of the different parties that are associated with the situation. The use of the professional code of ethics within human services equips the practitioners to ask the right set of questions that would help assist in decisions making and taking the right actions that are morally right or wrong.

as a general concept, social learning theory has been applied to the many different fields of social science to explain why certain individuals develop motivation to commit (or abstain from) crime and develop the skills to commit crime through the people they associate with. Social Learning Theory (SLT) is one of the most frequently looked at theories in the criminology field. This theory was introduced by Ronald L. Akers as a reformulation of Edwin H. Sutherland 's (1947) differential association theory of crime meld with principles of behavior psychology (Bradshaw, 2011). Akers retained the concepts of differential association and definitions from Sutherland 's theory, but conceptualized them in more behavioral terms and

This essay will outline how crime theories are able to assist in recognizing the causes of criminal activity, as well as demonstrating two criminological theories to two particular crimes. Overviews of trends, dimensions and victim/offenders characteristics of both crime groups will be specified. The two particular crimes that will be demonstrated throughout this essay are; Violent Crime (focusing on Assault) being linked with social learning theory and White Collar crime (focusing on terrorism) being linked to General Strain theory. In criminology, determining the motive of why people commit crimes is crucial. Over the years, many theories have been developed and they continue to be studied as criminologists pursue the best answers in eventually diminishing certain types of crime including assaults and terrorism, which will be focused on.

As human beings we all see and hear about crimes from a day to day basis. We all question why we have crime and what makes a person commit a crime.

A theory is an explanation of why or how things are related to each other (Bohm & Vogel, 2011). Additionally, a theory is defined as a plausible or scientifically acceptable principle, or a body of principles, offered to explain phenomena (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2017). Furthermore, crime theories examine and attempt to identify relationships among humans, criminal behavior, and specific factors such as biological factors, psychological factors, sociological factors, and economic factors (Bohm & Vogel, 2011). Since we have defined a theory, let us further discuss how theories are created beginning with the components of a theory.

Some analysts have claimed that situational crime prevention has been the fastest-growing worldwide, yet much of this programming has been carried out without knowledge of its scientific foundation. Situational crime prevention has developed equal opportunity reduction and many such programs have been crafted on the basis of experts’ own judgment and experiences. Lack of knowledge with scientific research substances situational crime prevention has resulted in some inadequately thought out initiatives, which have been widely criticized (https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/publicaions/abstract.aspx?ID=235583).

The focus of this paper will be based upon different crime prevention strategies implemented by members of the communities, local and government authorities.

Situational crime prevention theory prevents crime in five ways. First, by adding to the effort it takes offenders to commit a crime, such as placing bars on windows or installing a fence in a yard. Second, by increasing the chances of an offender being noticed, such as installing security cameras, burglar alarms, and outside lighting. Third, by lessening the payoff of a crime. Fourth, by removing excuses offered by the crime setting, such as things that constrain guilt or shame. Fifth, by lessening the environment provocations. Crime prevention through environmental design is another approach of situational crime prevention that include designing or redesigning a physical space to offer fewer opportunities for crimes.

Routine activity theory states that for a crime to be committed, three important factors need to be present including: a motivated offender, an accessible target, and the absence of a capable guardian against a violation. Marcus Felson and Lawrence E. Cohen introduced the routine activity theory in 1979, where they believed that an individual who has these three characteristics gives them a greater possibility of committing a crime. Moreover, situational crime prevention is known as strategies of ways for preventing or reducing the opportunities for criminals to commit crimes that derive from the routines of an individual’s everyday life. Ronald V. Clarke introduced situational crime prevention theory in 1983, where he believed that removing the situation instead of removing the criminal could prevent crime. In this paper, I will be discussing what routine activity/situational crime prevention theory is, and apply two peer-reviewed articles from Google Scholar that test the routine activity/situational crime prevention theory by discussing what the authors are trying to figure out and discuss their findings, and lastly, tie the routine activity/situational crime prevention theory articles to our textbook in hopes to fully understand in depth what the theory encompasses.

The objective of this study is to examine how developmental theories impact implementation of Crime Prevention Programs. Welsh and Farrington (2010) note that crime prevention holds different meanings for different people and the programs and policies focused on crime prevention includes the arrest by police who are coping with problems associated with gangs and a court disposal of the case, secure correctional facility transfer and even the death penalty. All of these programs and policies are focused on control of crime and this includes crime prevention relating to prevention of crimes.

According to the Australian Government of Criminology (2017), Crime prevention is ‘an effective approach to reducing crime. It is internationally recognised as an important component of a national approach to building viable communities.’ This essay will examine the case of the kings Cross shooting that occurred in 2012, involving the Indigenous community, Sydney police and Society. it will cover the importance of Crime prevention and the strategies in which are ideal to maintain the safety and security of the community and the offender partaking in the crime. This essay will focus broadly on the perspective of Social Crime Prevention, and the importance it obtains to prevent crime from occurring.

Leadership has become the main factor of organizational success. Leadership does not only make reference to the domain of a few members of top management; it also can be found among all group members in the organization. Leadership involves influencing others to achieve objectives important to them and the organization (DuBrin, 2016). In order to inspire confidence, people require a positive, genuine, transparent, ethical form of leadership, broadly termed authentic leadership (AL) (Avolio, B. J., & Gardner, W. L., 2005). Authentic leadership will promote trust, optimism, and work engagement in the organization, creating a positive work environment.