Classical And Human Relations Management Theory

Classical organizational theory supports two views. Scientific management which focuses on managing work and employees and administrative management which addresses issues which

The classical or traditional approach to management was generally concerned with the structure and the activities of formal organization. The utmost importance in the achievement of an effective organization were seen to be the issues such as the establishment of a hierarchy of authority, the division of work, and the span of control.

The twentieth century has brought in a number of management theories which have helped shaped our view of management in the present business environment. These emerging theories have enabled managers to appreciate new patterns of thinking, new ways of organising and new ways of managing organisations and people. Over the years these different theories have enabled the study

Management theories are utilized in various organizations in an effort to increase organizational effectiveness and service delivery. The management theory that an organization decides to adhere to will vary based on the type of organization, as well as, the services and/or products that it offers. Therefore, it is not uncommon for an organization to use multiple theories when implementing strategies in the workplace.

The Classical Management Theory entered the business world in the early nineteenth century, with an emphasis on increasing worker productivity. Developed by Frederick Taylor, the classical theory of management advocated a scientific study of tasks and the workers responsible for them. It was the foundation of many modern management theories and it aimed to improve operations within an organization. The Classical Management Theory was broken into three schools of thinking: Scientific management, which looked at 'the best way ' to do a job; Bureaucratic management, which focused on rules and procedures, and Administrative management, which emphasized om the flow of information within the organization. One theorist, Henri Fayol, was an

In addition to the Classical Perspective there’s also the Humanistic Perspective consisting of three subfields; Human Relations, Human Resources and Behaviour Sciences. Theorists such as Abraham Maslow and Elton Mayo integrated the Humanistic Approach into their management theories. There are specific factors that distinguish whether a theory uses the Humanistic Perspective; the humanistic approaches all emphasise the importance of understanding human behaviour, needs and attitude within the working environment. The Humanistic Perspective focuses on both extrinsic and intrinsic factors of an individual. The central idea is that the human needs are the conclusive factor to achieving efficiency within an organisation. 8

Classical theory is about the organization, any reference or concern about the employees from a business standpoint is more of an after thought. Classical focuses on the needs of the organization and how can those needs produce the goals most important to organizational activity. Classical focuses on specific components of organizational theory including managerial tasks, administrative duties, and raw data. Employee morale is an important aspect of any business however when dealing with a classical organizational style can easily be affected.

The two management theorists that I have chosen are Frederick Winslow Taylor and Elton Mayo. I chose these two theorists due to their very different ways of approaching their craft. Frederick Winslow Taylor and Elton Mayo both came from very different schools of thought and social and economic times that are bound to affect what theories they make. Taylor came from a mind-set of pure scientific thought. He saw success in management through making it a more measurable commodity. He went down the thought that everything had a definite and optimal answer. Elton came from a mind-set of human relations. He focused more on the human aspects of management. He had the mind-set of focusing on the employees and their work space above all else. These are very differing mind-sets for two theorists to have. In the piece that follows I will compare and contrast these two theorists and see what overlap they had and how these two radically different mind-sets lead to the creation of radically different practices.

Most managers in any given organization would find that a combination of two or more theories serves them best. In some cases some managers would adhere to practice only one particular approach looking in the direction to increase production for their business while other managers adhere the practice of motivation and behavior of employees. The classical management perspective and human relations perspectives represent two different views of management. While one focus to increase production the other focuses on the welfare of employee’s workplace. The classical management theory focus is looking at the workers solely to machines, getting the work done. While the human relations approach focuses on the person in a workplace and not rules, rules and required process. The humanistic perspective was developed to promote the concerns of the individual worker in an atmosphere that was too focused on production. It was a shift that emphasis from task to worker. Theory went beyond physical contribution to include, cognitive, and emotional aspects of workers. The human relations provides communication between employees and managers, which allow them to interact with one another in decision-making. In summary, the principles of human resources perspective attempt to integrate the concern for production from classical theory with the concern for the worker from human relations theory-more effective and

Everyone may differ in their opinions regarding the significance of theories of management as it is a subjective opinion and thinking may differ from one individual to another. The employees would surely prefer human relationship management as it helps to satisfy them socially and increase productivity by appreciation of work. The employees feel a sense of belonging which keeps them motivated (mayo,2003). I personally feel that human relationship management can be compared better to scientific management only on the

Classical management theory looks at the efficient way of doing the work individually and way of communicating with others in the workplace. For example, employees at Ford builds a positive relationship between culturally (Lecture 2, 2018).

Classical organizational theory originated in the first half of the 20th century. This theory concentrated on formal organizations and ideas to increase efficiency in their management. This theory merged together the scientific, bureaucratic and administrative theories. Relative to structure, this theory was constructed on a hierarchical structure dividing workers based on functionality with various reporting paths on every working unit. That is, workers report to their respective manager(s) for their tasks as well as disciplinary matters. This theory puts the manager/owner of the organization in total control over the workers. Furthermore, this theory employed enabling technologies to increase efficiency. The classical

Discipline. Employees must obey and respect the rules that govern the organisation. Good discipline is the result of effective leadership, a clear understanding between management and workers regarding the organisation 's rules, and the judicious use of penalties for infractions of the rules.

Managers today have many different options when choosing a managerial theory to implement for their organizations. Knowledgeable managers must be aware of the different historical approaches and also able to determine which approach would be most effective for their unit. The established work structure of my unit currently utilizes elements of classical organizational theory, more specifically scientific management and bureaucratic theory. More recent theories, such as those that focus on human relations, are not applied as frequently. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the historical management theories utilized by my organization and determine whether they are appropriate. When areas in which my organization could be improved upon are identified, the recommendations of other management theories are considered for their possible effectiveness.

The history of management has been grouped into phases of development. Classical Management was introduced in the beginning of the 201th century. This addresses the organization’s search for efficiency on the basis that people will work for themselves and be economically beneficial. In other words, they work because they are determined by the economic concerns. Workers are expected to accept every opportunity that comes and they must work for it to achieve a personal and financial improvement. All of this has been supported by 3 theories in which the companies still used it today.