Classical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning

There are two learning processes that are used, classical condition and operant conditioning. One learning process used is classical conditioning. Classical conditioning is a learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response. I found two TV commercials that are excellent examples for classical conditioning. The first commercial I found is an Old Spice commercial. The ad starts off with an attractive man in a bathroom telling women to compare the men in their lives to him, stating that if men would stop using girl body wash they could be like him. The ad then moves to a boat where the man in the commercial offers the women in the audience two tickets to something they would enjoy and diamonds and then states that anything is possible if men used Old Spice as a body wash to smell like a man, not a lady. The second commercial I chose is a Nike advertisement. Throughout the advertisement there are young, attractive, fit, and famous people working hard to succeed.

Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner both studied learning, in which they both did different experiments on different animals and with different conditioning. Classical conditioning is the process in which two stimuli become linked; once this association has been recognized, an originally neutral stimulus is conditioned to provoke an involuntary response. The dogs in Pavlov’s studies learned to associate countless stimuli with the expectation of food, which caused in them salivating when the stimuli were presented. Pavlov revealed how such associations are learned, and referred to this process as conditioning. While the

Classical Conditioning is a type of learning process of an individual when they come in contact with certain stimuli. According to Pavlov, a Russian psychologist, he developed several experiments on learning and he discovered that classical condition is the basic form of learning for an individual. However, according to Pavlov, behaviorism is the view that psychology should be the main objective science that studies behavior without including mental processes of an individual in the investigation. Behaviorism is more about the person’s behavior and how they were influenced to act a certain why, including their surroundings. Thus, from this learning process many behaviorist believes that the basic laws of learning are similar for all different species, including humans. Furthermore, the two major characteristics that distinguish classical conditioning from operant conditioning is that in classical conditioning, an unconditioned response is an event that happens naturally in response to some stimuli such as salivation. Another characteristic is an unconditioned stimuli, which is a process where an individual naturally discovers something without learning the process and reacts to the unlearned response, For instance, when someone put food in there mouth this causes salivation. A conditioned stimuli in classical

Classical conditioning is a form of learning that is taught to us through experiences we encounter in our lives. It involves outside stimuli to trigger the condition we have learned to expect. For example, the sound of a lunch bell would trigger our stomach to start growling soon after hearing the bell ring. The expectation of food to come soon after hearing the bell and satisfy our hunger is what makes our stomach growl. This is something learned over time. Expectations can be both good and bad. Sometimes these negative experiences cause us to have certain behaviors when we are reminded of such an event.

The theory of Classical Conditioning is one based on the idea that an individual can learn a new form of behavior simply from the process of association. Or simply put according to the Encyclopedia Britannica, “Classical Conditioning occurs when two stimuli are linked together to produce a new learned response” (“Classical,” 2015, para.2). In order to better understand Classical Conditioning, it is important to first define several key terms. A stimulus is any feature of the environment that affects behavior. A response is the behavior elicited by the stimulus (“Stimulus,” 2015, para.1).

Learning is defined as a relatively enduring change in behavior or thinking that results from our experiences (Licht, Hull, Ballantyne, 2016, p.174). In this paper I will be describing classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning associated with personal dealings in my life. I will use my mom as an example in these three areas. My mother, Christy, is currently forty-one and has been smoking for over twenty years. She began smoking in high school due to peer pressure.

We would like to think that people are free minded and have the choice to make their own decisions, and for the most part, people are. Not to get confused with dictatorship or other manors of society where there is an absolute rule, the mind can be conditioned to control one's behavior. In the world of psychology, we would call the approach of changing how someone acts through consequences or rewards as behavior modification (Halper, 2017).

For years, people have been manipulating animals and people to behave a certain way. This is called classical and operant conditioning. When one punishes a puppy for urinating indoors, but rewards it each time it urinates outdoors, he or she is using operant conditioning. On the other hand, classical conditioning is used when food corporations use celebrities and misleading photos to advertise their food. Within behavioral psychology, classical and operant conditioning are believed to be two types of methods in which people learn and behave. They are not only commonly studied in psychology, but have been commonly used all over the world for many years and are still used today.

Although conditioning techniques can be used for other purposes such as treatment of phobias in humans (Wolpe 1969), many of the experiments and uses of these particular techniques involve animals and animal training. This essay will argue that operant conditioning is a more effective method of animal training than classical conditioning, although neither method is completely effective, by examining the differences between the two methods, and their benefits and limitations when used in animal training.

Discrimination: The opposite of generalization i.e. the ability of the subject to tell the difference between two similar stimuli. E.g. Eventually Pavlov’s dog learns the difference between the sounds of the 2 bells and no longer salivates at the sound of the non-food

Although, both are a form of behavior modification they in fact have a few differences. Specifically, classical conditioning has two type of responses unconditioned response and a conditioned response. Furthermore, unconditioned response is a behavior that we may not be aware of but is a result of a previous action and conditioned response is a modified behavior that an individual may be aware of due to someone else action.

Classical conditioning was studied by Pavlov, and it is learning referring to the involuntary responses that result from the association of two new stimuli that are presented. Operant conditioning, which is sometimes known as instrumental conditioning, was studied by Skinner. Operant conditioning is the study of changing voluntary behaviors through the use of punishment and reinforcement after a behavior occurs.

Reinforcement tends to strengthen the behavior and raise the probability of the event happing again whereas consequences reduce the probability of the event occurring again. Reinforcement is usually used

Learning is a part of everyone’s lifestyle, and in vocabulary terms: learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior, knowledge, capability, and attitude that occurs through the experience of something. Two important associative learning styles that I learned that grasped my attention are classical conditioning and operant conditioning. These forms of learning are used everyday, and with that, people can categorize their certain behavior into places in which they fall in.

Behaviourists look at behaviour as a response to a certain event. They think our behaviour is concluded by our surroundings which produces stimuli to we respond, and the situations we have been in the past causes us to respond to stimuli in certain ways. Classical conditioning is one of the varieties of behaviourism. A psychologist called Ivan Pavlov (1902) looked at the way dog salivate when being fed. He thought that there are some things that dogs do not need to learn and that dogs do not been to salivate whenever they see food. The motion of the dog salivating was compelled into the dogs mind. A Behaviourist would label this as an unconditional response which is a reaction that required no form of learning. The unconditioned stimulus is the food and the unconditioned response is when the dog salivates. For humans, there are techniques that are used that involve classical conditioning. For example, a teacher can make the learning environment positive for a class full of students to let them overcome their