OUTLINE
1. INTRODUCTION
2. BRIEF OUTLINE OF THE MYTH
3. HEROIC PATTERN
3.1 THE BIRTH AND ADOLESCENCE OF BELLEROPHON
3.2 VICTORY OVER THE CHIMERA
3.3 THE RISE AND FALL OF BELLEROPHON
4. MYTH INTERPRETATION
4.1 STRUCTURALISM
4.2 ID, EGO AND SUPEREGO
5. CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CLASSICAL CULTURE 1B 2013: ASSIGNMENT 1 – HEROIC PATTERN OF BELLEROPHON
J J Swallow 201378988
1. INTRODUCTION
This Essay will be based on the Myth of Bellerophon from The Iliad by Homer as translated by Chapman and edited by Allardyce Nicoll. The purpose of this essay is to analyse the Myth according to the Heroic Pattern of Lord Raglan and Joseph Campbell and according to the theories of myth interpretation. This will be done by critically analysing
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However this did not seem to be the case with Bellerophon. He lived a relatively safe and problem-free childhood. He was a precocious student and being the son of both Poseidon and Glaucus who was “the most skilled equestrian of the day” (Lieberman 1997:n/a) he became a brilliant horse rider.
According to the heroic pattern, not much is known about a hero’s childhood. This is true of Bellerophon. Apart from being a precocious student and talented equestrian very little is known about Bellerophon up until the age of 16.
3.2 Victory Over the Chimera
Possibly the most important part of the heroic pattern is the hero’s descent into the underworld. This is common in many heroic myths, but before a hero can travel to the underworld they must battle some nightmarish monster or overcome a huge obstacle. In Bellerophon’s case the battle with the nightmarish monster and the descent into the underworld are one and the same.
The Chimera is generally associated with the great goddess. Having a snake for a tale and the head of a female lion both lend themselves towards the symbolism for the great goddess. The descent of most heroes into the underworld is symbolic of them making peace with or overcoming their feminine side (or the great goddess) (Chhiba 2013:n/a) This is due to the fact that the underworld is seen as Gaea’s womb.
Heroes can be classified into two categories in our society: superheroes of the fictional kind and those given the title of hero because they begin as a normal person and do something extraordinary. Superheroes are a much more Herculean concept as Hercules was destined to be able to perform the feats that he did during his “labours”. If he had not been Zeus’ son and had not been given the strength as a power, he might not even be a hero. His destiny was to be a hero, as fated by the gods to rule over Mycenae (Perseus (and Bellerophon), 123). Hercules does not match the ‘average’ criteria of a modern hero, nor do his motives behind his labours and adventures follow the values of an altruistic person.
He maintains his focus on Greek myths not only because of the sheer number of myths around the world, making it impossible to interpret and clarify them all, but also because European men, who would have been familiar with the myths from Greece, write most of the classics we analyze. He explains that these myths are not only a part of them but also “so much a part of the fabric of our consciousness, of our unconscious really, that we scarcely notice” (Foster, 51). Which suggests that, we can recognize Greek myths even if we do not realize it. With this simple fact presented to us, we no longer wonder why allusions to Greek myths have been used since they emerged and are still employed today. Myths are often exercised as “overt subject matter for poems and paintings and operas and novels” but more often “writers have…borrowed from and emulated” these myths (Foster, 52, 53). Instead of explaining every detail about every character, place or moment authors rely on other stories, such as myths, to expand and develop their tale. The writer will subtly hint at myths and hope you recognize their allusions to these old legends. Since we established that, we know these myths, whether consciously or not, we can take these allusions and decipher any hidden meanings the author has for us, giving each story a new level.
Being part of the oldest surviving pieces of literature, displays its importance of being saved and handed down throughout time and suggests one of the reasons why it is considered canonical. It has gained status from many generations of readers. Homer was “one of the most translated authors of the late twentieth century.” (Robson, 2014, p.240) and Homer holds authority still today, through frequent study and reworks of Homeric poetry, Robson suggests “The regard that previous generations, as well as our own, have had for the Iliad provides a compelling reason to believe that it is an important work of art.” (Robson, 2014,
In 1949, Joseph Campbell, a writer and mythologist, published a book titled The Hero with a Thousand Faces. In it, Campbell proposed his theory that hundreds of hero stories can be summed up in a twelve-step pattern. Half of the cycle takes place in the hero’s regular world. The other half takes place in a special, unknown world. The cycle doesn’t only apply to ancient heroes; many modern heroes, such as Katniss Everdeen from the Hunger Games series, and Harry Potter of the Harry Potter series, fit in this sequence. Evidently, modern hero characters can be traced back to this simple pattern. One such hero that has been introduced in recent decades is Hercules, from the 1997 Disney movie Hercules. Hercules, like countless other heroes, fits
Odysseus is the main protagonist or hero of this epic, but there are instances in which he is presented in a negative light rather than the positive light that is associated with a protagonist or hero. This essay aims to demonstrate such instances and explain if he is justified in anyway.
The environment inspires the hope that Odysseus will make it home and return to his family. This more optimistic look at life is contributed by the roles of strong female characters such as Athena and Penelope. This difference in how the women in the odyssey are a larger focus in contributing to the plot of when compared to the subordinate roles of the women of The Iliad. This transfer of power from heroic men in battle to cunning women through the two epics is an interesting difference. The effects of this transfer are present in the The Odyssey by the way certain situations are handled.
The Illiad and the Odyssey were so important to the Greeks because they were great works of literature and contained information of past events’, much like a bible or history book. It shaped their culture and what it meant to be a human being. The events of the Illiad and the Odyssey have been reflected in plays in ancient Greece and in the attitudes of many Greeks on what it meant to be a hero at that time.
● He has a son named Bellerophon, though it is also believed that he could be Poseidon’s son. ● Bellerophon wishes to tame a steed with wings called Pegasus.
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When reading looking throughout this course we have learned a numerous amount of information on the Hellenistic period, all from the time of before Alexander to simply learning about the literature and art. When looking at both sources the Odyssey and Jason and the Golden Fleece we see that both represent the heroic Greek role models and comparing the two we see how the characteristics of the new Hellenistic world through Jason is embodied.
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