Classical Liberalism Vs Classical Conservatism

Political ideology within a state is established by examining individual ideas about politics and how they are related (Shively, 2014). Even though, not every political ideas are equal, however, they bear some sort of relationship or resemblance. Generally within a state, “ideologies are usually determine by intellectual structure from which one can derive number of disparate policy positions” (Shively, 2014, p. 25).

All around the world, the United States is known for its freedom and rights set up by the constitution. In “United States Supreme Court majority Opinion,” by Chief Justice Abe Fortas, “United States Supreme Court dissenting opinion,” by Justice Hugo Black, and a transcript radio interview with law professor Catherine Ross it explains that school children were suspended for peaceful protesting and their opinions on the outcome of the court case Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District. While all the arguments were presented with evidence, the argument best presented was in the passage by Chief Justice Abe Fortas and in the the radio transcript. This is because of the use of ethos, logos, and pathos.

People’s views on a wide range of issues are influenced or determined by the kind of foundational belief systems they hold. Therefore, the difference in the nature of opinions among individuals or groups of people alludes to the existence of distinct belief systems. In the course of history, the distinction between Liberalism and Conservatism has become more vivid particularly in the political arena where various players have expressed opposing points of view regarding the nation’s future. It is indeed undisputable that the foundational beliefs of Liberalism are diametrically opposed to those of Conservatism. This essay will give a definition of each term and describe how the two oppose each other.

Are you Republican or Democrat? Maybe you are Conservative or Liberal? What do these terms mean and how did they begin? Classical Conservatism is defined as “a political philosophy emphasizing the need for the principles of natural law and transcendent moral order.”(Frohnen, Beer, and Nelson, 2006) Classical Liberalism is described as “a philosophy committed to the ideal of limited government and liberty of individuals including freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and free markets.” (Hudelson, 1999) These two ideas have shaped our philosophies and parties for centuries to come. These philosophies were made possible by many bright men of the time like Edmund Burke, John Adams, John

Neo-liberalism is associated with economic liberalism whose campaign support provides economic liberations, free trade and open markets, privatization, deregulation and promoting the role of private institutions present in new society. Classic liberalism criticizes the neo-liberalism objective of introducing liberalization to bring about gradual increase of wealth and freedom among nations, however, classic liberalism explains that instead of realization of wealth and freedom, liberalization resulted to constant fight proposals that threatened the progress of achieving wealth and freedom among nations. Neo-liberalism aimed to prevent and control monopoly situations such that if there are no bodies

Typically, liberalism is categorised into two separate components; classical liberalism, which was fashioned during the 19th century as a result of the industrial revolution, and the more recent Modern Liberalism which emerged as industrialisation continued within the UK. Although both divisions of Liberalism unavoidably overlap in attitudes and approaches regarding the theory behind the ideology, I believe, fundamentally, that clear tensions between these aspects of Liberalism are more evident when analysing this ideology.

Typically Liberalism can be categorized into two different strands, Classical and Modern (yet some thinkers advocate a third strand that is referred to as Neo-Liberalism), each characterized by their differing and to some extent unavoidably overlapping attitudes regarding the theory behind the ideology and how it should be put into practice. Prior to examining how these relate to one another and before making any comparisons, it is important to give a definition, as best as possible, of Liberalism as a concept.

The Supreme Court case Tinker v. Des Moines originated in Iowa in December 1965 when seven Des Moines high school students wore black armbands to school to protest the Vietnam War. Ultimately they were suspended in which the student’s fathers sued the school district. The court case battled through the District Court, Court of Appeals, and Supreme Court. The ultimate ruling was that Des Moines School District violated the students First Amendment rights. Years later, in Oregon in 1990, teachers a McMinnville High School started a lawful strike and in response, the school district hired replacement teachers. Following, two students wore and distributed buttons and stickers with slogans supporting the strike. The students were suspended which led to the student’s parents suing the school district where the District Court provides a ruling. Similar to Tinker v. Des Moines, Chandler v. McMinnville was ruled that the school violated the students First Amendment rights of the students.

One of the main reasons why teacher unions were created was to provide the teachers with rights, give the teachers better working conditions, and for the students so they could have a better learning environment. “The Federation fought for teachers' rights and improved working conditions, but it also played a prominent role in Chicago progressive reform (Rousmaniere, 2005).” The CTU’s and the Federation’s main purpose when they were created was to reform the rights of teachers and the school quality for the students that attend them. Teachers realized that they needed better conditions for the students when they saw, heard, or had been to private schools. Working together, the teachers set up organized strikes that were not violent and made the Board of Education meet the demands of the teachers. The outcome of the strike was the increase in the pay the teachers received, better environments for the students, and the teacher

In the well-known case of of Tinker Verses Des Moines Independent Community School District, the Supreme Court remarked, “it can hardly be argued that either students or teachers shed their constitutional rights to freedom of speech or expression at the schoolhouse gate.” While shedding your thoughts and freedom of speech or expression at “the schoolhouse gate” can be difficult, the district did have the right to not renew the teacher’s contract. I think that it is important to keep my mind what the judge stated in the facts above, “teachers … do not have a right under the First Amendment to express their opinions with their students during the instructional period.” The teacher gave her opinion and an idea of her political view by stating

punished. Whether or not teachers should be able to strike, is a separate debate. These sickouts

Some schools believe that teachers have little to no rights about the First Amendment. “SMY&M” explains that teachers do not have any right to teach anything of what they want and that the board has the authority over them. Another example of this is in the document, “The Progressive”, they state that the school board controls the teachers policies, and the teachers have to deal with what they already have. Reasons why they do this is because teachers can get fired for using censorship about teaching or getting rid of books. This will be shown to the board and will possibly fire the teacher.

“There is no such thing as freedom of choice unless there is freedom to refuse,” stated David Hume. The case Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association, which just recently began oral hearings the week of January 11th, “centers on the questions of whether union dues are inherently political—and if they are… whether employees who are not union members can be compelled to pay them” (KQED News). Those in favor of the plaintiff, Rebecca Friedrichs, a teacher from Orange County, believe that employees who are not union members should not have to pay union dues because the CTA cannot require its nonmembers to pay for political causes, seeing as doing so compels them to identify with a public policy cause, a violation of their First Amendment rights. Those against the eradication of union dues for non-union members believe the fees are necessary because the union has a legal duty to represent all teachers at the bargaining table, even those who are not part of the union; if nonmembers can be represented by the union without paying any fee, there would be a strong incentive to become a “free rider” and not join the union, leading to a weakened force at the negotiation table. Because this requirement of dues is a direct violation of the Constitution, teachers that aren’t members of the California Teachers Association should not have to support the union and its

Are you Republican or Democrat? Maybe you are Conservative or Liberal? What do these terms mean and how did they begin? Classical Conservatism is defined as “a political philosophy emphasizing the need for the principles of natural law and transcendent moral order.”(Frohnen, Beer, and Nelson, 2006) Classical Liberalism is described as “a philosophy committed to the ideal of limited government and liberty of individuals including freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and free markets.” (Hudelson, 1999) These two ideas have shaped our philosophies and parties for centuries to come. These philosophies were made possible by many bright men of the time like Edmund Burke, John Adams, John Locke and Adam Smith.

The number one political question that the average American has been asked at least once in their lifetime, isn’t what is the role of the government or how is power equally distributed between the three branches of government? The number one questions that politically involved Americans will ask their fellow Americans is simply; are you a conservative or liberal? And the sad reality is that most Americans don’t know what conservative or liberal even means or that they are political ideologies. According to Roskin, author of Political Science: an introduction “An ideology begins with the belief that things can be better; it is a plan to improve society” (2017, p. 29). So political ideologies are simply just “commitments to change political systems” (2017, p.29). Ideologies are not new, they have been around since the seventeenth century, and the most talked about ideologies are conservative and liberal. According to Roskin, conservatism is an “ideology of keeping systems largely unchanged” (2017, p. 33). While modern liberalism is an “ideology favoring government intervention to correct economic and social ills” (2017, p.33). I personally consider myself to be a modern liberal, because I believe that the government should intervene into the economy to correct problems within economic markets and to promote fair outcomes such as higher minimum wages and higher taxes on the wealthy. As Roskin states “Modern liberals championed wage and hours laws, the right to