Classical Theory And Scientific Management Theory

The Classical approach to management emerged in the 19th century during the Industrial Revolution. It focused on issues such as productivity, labour output and organisational efficiency. It is a long held belief that this approach is owed to

Management has been studied by a lot of theorists who then learning from their own experiences came out with different theories and styles of management, explaining how to manage. The classical school has proven to be one of the most influential of all the schools. (Brooks 2009). Due to the success of the bureaucratic and scientific management style of managing, this essay will look into the bureaucratic style of management and then the scientific style of management and show that although these theories were developed during the turn of the twentieth century, they are still present in organisations today and are still very relevant to this day and age.

The Classical Management Theory entered the business world in the early nineteenth century, with an emphasis on increasing worker productivity. Developed by Frederick Taylor, the classical theory of management advocated a scientific study of tasks and the workers responsible for them. It was the foundation of many modern management theories and it aimed to improve operations within an organization. The Classical Management Theory was broken into three schools of thinking: Scientific management, which looked at 'the best way ' to do a job; Bureaucratic management, which focused on rules and procedures, and Administrative management, which emphasized om the flow of information within the organization. One theorist, Henri Fayol, was an

The classical theory is the earliest form of management that perceived that a set of universal principles would apply to all the organizations in all situations to achieve efficiency and organization's goals. Scientific management and bureaucratic theory were one of the several components of the classical school of organization. Important pioneers among them are Frederick Taylor and Max Weber. The classical theories have been contested of little relevance to work and organization today simply

“A business firm does not operate in a vacuum but in a given environment, and has to interact and transact its business within this environment” (Fernando, 2011, p33). The two types of business environment are external (macro and micro environment) and internal.

Management, is the art and science of getting things to be done, generally by others. (Mullins 2011), states is the way of organizing the things and to direct the duties of people in the setting of their jobs In many organizations, people are managed in the setting of their jobs because all employees have different abilities (Thompson, and McHugh, 2009). The different management perspectives evolved are classified into five perspectives, classical, humanistic, management science, recent historical trends and the innovative management. The classical theory includes three other perspective, scientific management, Bureaucratic organization, and Administrative approach. These are the historical theories of management. Based on the classical perspective

In this term of our discussion we’re talking about business environment. It’s like an overview of the whole business environment. Simply environment of a business means the external forces including the business decisions. They can be forces of economic, social, political and technological factors.

The Industrial Revolution brought about the classical perspective in management from which the emphases on the productivity and efficiency was developed based on the entire efficiency of employees in organizations. The focus was not based on the attributes of human or their behaviour but in differences between them (Anon., 2009)in the workforces. Human fault and performance where not taken into consideration, so the classical approach was regularly criticized for overlooking the requests and needs of workers in the workplace. But the classical approach was heavily inspired by processes of developmental operations.

Business environment consists of external and internal factors. Internal environmental factors are events that occur within an organization. An organization's internal environment is composed of the elements within the organization, including current employees, management, and especially corporate culture (that defines employee behaviour). Although some elements affect the organization as a whole, others affect only the manager.

The business environment is the sum total of all external and internal factors that influence a business. One must keep in mind that external factors and internal factors can influence each other and work together to affect a business success. For example, a health and safety regulation is an external factor that influences the internal environment of business operations. Normally the external factors are beyond an organizations control. These factors are often called external

The history of management includes multiple theories and understanding them can help individuals identify the ideas their organization is built upon. Classical organizational theory encompasses several major approaches to management that continue to be influential even today. The early to mid-twentieth century included the introduction of many concepts of management theory such as scientific management, bureaucratic and administrative theory. Most of these early approaches revolved around control of employees and processes in order to achieve more

The definition of ‘management’ is controversial and subject to much debate. There have been many contradictory views on what the term ‘management’ means and accordingly how one should correctly manage an organisation. These theories have been put forward by several highly regarded management scholars over time. By taking into account past knowledge and contemporary views on management, we are able to ‘’explore how thinking has changed through time’’. (Brooks, 2006). Moreover, businesses have, and can continue to be able to adapt these theories and put them into practice. Successfully applying correct management practices is especially vital in a global business environment which is becoming very competitive. ‘’Most management theories, even those that do not resonate comfortably with the prevailing mood, have attractive and valid elements to them.’’ (Robinson, 2005). For example, some of these theories can be seen flourishing in fast food chains like McDonalds.

For instance, the classical approaches seem to view the life of a worker as beginning and ending at the plant door. Their basic assumption is that workers are primarily motivated by money and that they work only for more money. They also assume that productivity is the best measure of how well a firm is performing. These assumptions fail to recognize that employees may have wants and needs unrelated to the workplace or may view their jobs only as a necessary evil.

The history of management has been grouped into phases of development. Classical Management was introduced in the beginning of the 201th century. This addresses the organization’s search for efficiency on the basis that people will work for themselves and be economically beneficial. In other words, they work because they are determined by the economic concerns. Workers are expected to accept every opportunity that comes and they must work for it to achieve a personal and financial improvement. All of this has been supported by 3 theories in which the companies still used it today.

As the name suggests, “internal” business environment refers to internal factors and resources that affect the running of the business. This primarily includes the workforce where the employees play a vital role in affecting company’s performance. If a company has well trained or motivated employees, that company is likely to get good output from them. However, if the same company recruits unmotivated employees who do not perform well or dig in their heels when a new plan arrived, this will affect that company’s production levels and ultimately hinder its profitability. Another factor to consider is all the capabilities that a company possesses. The tool used to monitor them is the resource based