Classification and Assessment of Aridity over Pakistan During 1960-2009

In addition, global climate change will exacerbate these challenges faced by countries and populations. Shifting precipitation patterns threaten to reduce water availability in some regions while inflicting stronger storms on others, increasing both potential droughts and floods. This may increase the frequency of more serious

Today, there is less than half of Australian’s arid zone environment used for farming. Majority of the farming in the arid zone of Australia is for either sheep or cattle, with only a few small, irrigated crops scatted throughout the area (Kaul 1971). As a result, this report will focus on other countries such as North, South and Central America, Africa and Asia (Creswell & Martin 1998). (Please note, Asia’s arid zones are known as a ‘dry zones’, but for this report the generally term ‘arid zone’ will be used).

The western prairies provinces (WPP) have an area of two million km2, these regions are the main agricultural and food producing regions in all of Canada (Schindler, 2006). As global warming increases, more water will be used for irrigation for crops. Every year, 2.5 km3 of water is used for irrigation on 1 million acres of land. The water comes from reservoirs and lakes that trap snowmelt run-off from the Rocky Mountains, however only twenty percent of this water is returned to the rivers. The WPP temperatures have increased by 4 degrees since 1970 (Schindler, 2006. Most of the rural areas are not receiving 14-24% of their previous annual precipitation in the 1900’s. The summer flows have decreased 20-84% due to the increased warming through its effects on evapotranspiration and evaporation (Schindler, 2001). Low water flows can cause an escalation of water retention that results in increased nutrient retention, thus proliferating Eutrophication. (Helmer,1999). This imbalance between water evaporation, water usage and water replenishment will create scarce resource for Western Canada’s near future.

Global warming by shifting precipitation patterns away from humid areas and water pollution through agriculture uses of the fertilizers which runoff into the body of water together with improper sewage disposal (Problems and Solutions for the Ganges River, 2017).

There is no doubt that climate is a considerable element for the agricultural production. However, along with the climate change, extreme weather tends to be more frequent and more intense that destructively affects framing. As a result, the drought occurred in sub-Saharan Africa became continual and long duration, which resulted in poor harvests. In addition,

The deserts, rainforests and lack of rivers and lakes throughout Africa make practicing sustainable agriculture very difficult for many people. The land is dry and arid so most plants do not grow very well and cannot survive in most of the continent. In addition to this, most of the rivers on this continent are in sub-Saharan Africa therefore impeding irrigation in northern Africa. People living in countries in northern Africa must trade to obtain food for survival. The deserts and savannas spread throughout Africa hinder the growth of agriculture in multiple regions around the

Water scarcity is a problem and will be a larger problem in the future . As the earth warms , regions currently receive an adequate supply of rain . The change

An arid zone is a region where there is a severe lack of available water. The plant must require very little water or have the ability to store water, for this type of climate zone can receive up to 25.4 centimeters of rainwater per year (Climate Types for Kids – Arid). In more extreme cases, an arid zone can receive as little as 0.1016 centimeters of rainwater in a single year (Climate Types for Kids – Arid). In the daytime, it can be blazing hot and reach temperatures up to 54°C (Climate Types for Kids – Arid). However, in the nighttime, temperatures can be as low as -30°C (Climate Types for Kids – Arid). The temperature of the zone is relative to its position from Earth’s equator. The soil nutrients in an arid zone are high in salt, low

“Arid and semi-arid environments, which represent a substantial portion of Earth's surface, have remained poorly studied. Yet water scarcity and salt content, changes in rainfall, flash floods, high rates of aquifer exploitation and growth of desert regions are all signs that suggest climate change and human activities are also affecting these arid and semi-arid zones” (Buis).

This article is a case study of the 2011 Texas drought that specifically analyzes economic losses that drought can produce, and the effect that future droughts can have on the agricultural industry. The 2011 Texas drought was specifically caused by an extended period of hot, dry weather, which is identical to the circumstances of the Ontario case study I address in my paper. The main argument of this article was to show that agricultural industries are essential to the economy, and drought has the biggest negative impact, as evidenced by “The results show that the $7.62 billion of agricultural production losses caused irreversible

According to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (1994), all arid areas distributed into three different subgoups, such as arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas. In these zones the average annual precipitation and evapotranspiration. Additionaly, arid areas occupy 41% of the land on Earth and are home for more than 2 billion people. Moreover, zones of the same type exist on all continents in the world except Antarctica. Forty percent of population of Africa, South America and Asia live in arid areas; consequently arid zones dependent on the climatic conditions that are not conducive to the agriculture. A small amount and high variability of precipitation patterns pose serious problems to

Adaptations to human induced warming, causing changes to net precipitation. A change in regions precipitations will highly affect the success of agricultural businesses. There is evidence that farmers in some regions are already adapting to climate related changes. Climate related changes to fisheries may include management and policy actions that maximize resilience to over-exploited areas and multi-sector adaptive measures to best reduce the consequences of a warming climate. Proper adaptations cannot solve the world’s problems, but they can decrease the adverse effects of human induced global

Is the main factor that determines Arid climate. An area must receive less than 10 inches in a year to be Arid. However. Some don’t receive any rain.

Evidence of Climate Change is being felt around the world. The most vulnerable areas are the least developed, which lack public instruments and infrastructure to adapt to the extreme effects of climate. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is vital to slow the progress of climate change, however, adapting to the consequences of this intensified climate crisis by the human being itself is key. Some countries understand it, others just cannot do too much about it. New evidence shows that Climate Change has affected many sectors in Asia. Crop yields in several countries have declined, due in part to increased temperature and external weather events. The retreat of glaciers and permafrost in Asia in recent years has no precedent and is a consequence

The three problems caused by climate change are, rise in sea level, varied energy demand, and water scarcity. Firstly, the impact on costal areas contributing to sea level rise has made low-lying cities vulnerable to them. Hunt and Watkiss (2011, p. 32) estimates that a 50 m raise in sea level would render Mumbai’s informal communities in severe despair. Moreover, climate change will lead to variation in energy demand. Hunt and Watkiss (2011, p. 33) explain even though winter heating will decrease due to warmer weather, cooling anticipated increasing in summer, increasing GHG