Clean Intermittent Catheterization Research Paper

Bernard, M.S., Hunter, K.F., & Moore, K.N. (2012). A review of strategies to decrease the duration of indwelling urethral catheters and potentially reduce the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Urologic Nursing 32(1)

Only when it is absolutely necessary should a catheter be inserted into a patient. Every patient is assessed for the need for a Foley catheter. If the Foley is inserted, assessments are also then done daily to see if the need is still valid. If the reason is not justifiable the catheter must be removed from the patient (Joint Commission releases new NPSG for CAUTI, 2011). Nurses must follow guidelines while inserting indwelling catheters as well. Aseptic technique is critical to maintain during this process. The use of sterile equipment and a sterile procedure helps to reduce the risk of CAUTI. If in any way the catheter becomes contaminated during the process of insertion, the nurse should discard of the entire catheter and start with a new, sterile kit. Proper hand hygiene is very important before and after contact with indwelling catheters to decrease risk of infection. Maintenance of a close drainage is system is also important that way bacteria are not able to get in and cause infection (Revello & Gallo, 2013). Decreasing the number of times Foleys are inserted and how long they stay in for can help reduce the risk of CAUTI since the longer a Foley stays in, the higher the risk of infection becomes. Nurses must keep the catheter line patent, with no kinks to allow urine to flow freely through into the collection bag. When a urine sample must be obtained it must be done in a sterile

The first step nurses can take to decrease the incidents of CAUTIs in older adults is avoiding unnecessary use of catheters altogether. Initially, this begins with nurses knowing both appropriate and inappropriate situations in which a catheter should be utilized. According to (Gould et al., 2017), an appropriate situation is one where a patient has acute urinary retention or bladder obstruction, whereas an inappropriate situation is one where a catheter is being used a means of obtaining urine for culture when the patient can voluntarily void. Nurses can also use basic techniques like palpation, percussion, and inspection to effectively assess urinary retention, which is the main reason for catheterization as mentioned earlier. When techniques like this do not achieve desired results,

The nurse driven protocol was tested in 4 intensive care units. It included evidence-based orders for discontinuing, handling, and properly managing the catheters. One of the most important factors was the removal of the catheters in a timely manner. The data pre

The three questions addressed were: Who should receive urinary catheters, what are the best practices for those who require urinary catheters and for preventing CAUTI’s acquired from urinary obstruction. This updated guideline offers recommendations for the appropriate use of indwelling catheters utilizing appropriate indications for usage, proper techniques for insertion of indwelling catheters, proper techniques for indwelling catheter maintenance, quality improvement programs, administrative infrastructure and surveillance including identifying those at risk for CAUTI (Gould et al, 2009). The strengths of this guideline are that many questions and scenarios are examined in this document and answered in explicit detail. Any healthcare professional can refer to the document to answer most practice based questions that are posed to them regarding indwelling urinary catheters. One weakness identified is the lack of an alternative explored for the external catheterization for female patients, for example the Purewick solution. However, the Purewick was not released until January 2016 and this guideline was last updated in 2009. Integrative Review

CAUTI are a big problem within the clinical settings. Up to about 80% of individuals develop a UTI due to the presence of a urinary catheter (American Association of critical Care, 2015). Long lasting catheterization

A Foley catheter is a thin, sterile tube inserted into the bladder to drain urine ( ). There are many types of catheters such as a straight, indwelling, and condom catheters. A straight catheter is one that does not stay inside the person. It is removed immediately after urine is drained. An indwelling catheter is one that stays inside of the bladder for a period of time. And last, a condom catheter is one that has an attachment that fits onto the penis. This catheter is changed daily or as needed. For the purpose of this document, the care that is going to be performed will need to be performed on a patient/resident with an indwelling catheter.

Urinary incontinence is a frustrating medical condition. You never know when a sneeze or burst of laughter will cause your bladder to leak. The wetness leaves you uncomfortable and worried about odor. One solution is to wear adult diapers, but you may hate the way they feel and look under your clothing. A better option is to seek treatment from your doctor. Here are some of the treatments he or she may try.

Humans are supposed to to to the bathroom four to six times a day. The pressures of life force us to clench and hold it in. Two kidneys, two europhras, a bladder, two ureters, and a urethra make up the urinary system. Urine comes from the kidneys by mixing water and other wastes. Then they go to the ureters and into the bladder. The bladder inflates like a balloon when full. The sphincter opens up when the bladder is full and the urine goes to the external urethral sphincter. You are able to control the opening and closing of that area and that is how you hold your pee. It will weaken or overwork your muscular slang which could lead to bad side

These patients were chosen from respiratory intevensive care units for this randomized controlled trial. They were patients that were had respiratory infection and were on mechanical ventilators. The criteria was that they had to have indwelling catheters in place at admission or during their stay in the RICU for more than 2 days. There were two groups, the intervention group (147) and the control group (131). The intervention group recived the reminder and indications for removal and the control group received no reminder. Both groups had routine urine alayses that were conducted when the cathether was inserted, every seven days after the insertion, the day of the removal, and the seventh day after the removal. The research hypothesis was proved accurate because use of the reminder intervetin reduced the incidence of Cathether Associated Urinary Tract Ifnections by 48% (P=.009). There were no complications in this study. This study, along with the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee, that there needs to be a system of reminders to identify ptients who have catheters set and for those will need continued use of

. The organization’s culture patients are found using indwelling catheterization for long periods of time, and no protocol for removal of the catheter post-operative patient’s, and also unnecessary Foley insertion on elderly inpatients for incontinence. Simultaneously, it is important to note that by avoiding indwelling cauterization and prolonged stay of catheter in patients may increase the infection and (CAUTIs (Bernard, Hunter, & Moore, (2012). The author made a survey and then analyzed it as a whole. However, the survey documented low and high score related to the case.

Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) is defined as the occurrence of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with a urinary catheter in the past 48 hours. Published guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) further defines CAUTI by the presence of significant bacteriuria of ≥ 103 CFU/ml found in the urinalysis and signs and symptoms of a UTI without the presence of another cause for these findings. Signs and symptoms of CAUTI could include: altered mental status, fever, chills, flank pain, costovertebral angle tenderness, and hematuria. If the catheter has been removed in the past 48 hours the symptoms could also include urgency and frequency (Fakih et al., 2016).

As previously discussed, one of the major components that should guide the decision of bladder management devices is how it will affect the patient’s quality of life. A person’s perception of self, as well as their ability to bond with loved ones is a large factor in this. As mentioned previously Liu, Attar, Gall, Shah, and Craggs (2010) discuss that benefits of intermittent catheterization, when it is a realistic option, include an improved sense of independence. This higher level of functioning allows the patient to rely less on family or caregivers, while also giving the patient more of an ability to travel outside the home unassisted. Another benefit of the use of intermittent catheterization is that patients feel they are able to have closer interpersonal relationships than those with suprapubic or transurethral catheters in place (Sugimara, Arnold, English, and Moore, 2008). Since other bladder drainage methods require continuous drainage with an attached system, they may become cumbersome, and make it more difficult for patients to be physically closer to loved ones.

This activity puts “stress” on the body and the urethral sphincter and or pelvic floor muscles cannot hold urine within the bladder. Overactive bladder is when the one feels the want to take a restroom break even though the bladder is not full. This is caused by muscles of the bladder send signals to the brain that it is full and needs to be emptied. When both SUI or OAB occur together it is called mixed incontinence and can prove to be tough to handle. Overflow incontinence is seen more so in men, although it can affect women, and is when the bladder does not ever fully empty. The bladder is unable to empty due to a blockage that closes the urethra. Functional incontinence occurs when a person has some sort of ailment that affects their urinary tract. For example, one may have a lack of awareness to use the restroom because their medication impedes their thinking processes. Reflex incontinence is a consequence of neurological damage. This nerve damage impedes the ability of the bladder to send signals to the brain. The bladder contracts and as a result urine trickles. (Publishing)

How many of us really think about our ability to urinate, I know I never did, but for my Uncle and Cousin, they could only wish to do what comes so naturally to us. When you have kidney disease and suffer Renal failure, which is what both of my relative's had, the kidneys are unable to remove those wastes through urinating. When the kidneys no longer perform these functions adequately, wastes and excess fluid build up in the blood. Some of the warning signs of kidney disease are as follows: