Cleft Lip Research Paper

Background and Audience Relevance: Everyone including newborn babies uses Plastic bottles. According to Petz. S (2009, October 15) Science, Clean Water “Out of the 50 billion bottles of water being bought each year, 80% end up in a landfill, even though recycling programs exist. ”. Which takes an impact to the plastic trash that travels to what is now a garbage patch in the Pacific Ocean. We are the reason for the global warning, leak of chemicals in our food and water supplies. Yes, water bottles do make it easier for us to carry around but what we don’t know if that our pocket is paying the price of pollution leading to health issues.

It makes me glad to know that people enjoy the food they're eating. However, I would rather not hear them eat that food or see it. My most intense pet peeve is speaking or opening one's mouth while it is filled with food. From a young age, I've been taught that chewing food with a closed mouth is proper etiquette. Apparently, not all people were raised to mind their manners when they eat. Open-mouth chewing is a form of bad manners, annoys those nearby who are trying to eat in peace, and is simply repulsive.

My interest in dentistry was sparked at a young age through my volunteer activities in Egypt, where I was raised. At 12 years old, through the Egyptian Federation for Boys Scouts, we visited a village in North Egypt. There I met people my age who were underprivileged, including Youssef. Something was wrong with Youssef's mouth, but I was afraid to ask him. When I returned home, I kept wondering what was wrong with Youssef and couldn't figure it out. Two weeks later, my mother took me for a dental checkup. I brought Youssef's picture, hoping the dentist could provide me with answers. He told me Youssef had a cleft lip and palate. He said it needed surgical intervention to be corrected and that these procedures are only performed in major medical centers, not in rural villages like Youssef's. I was intrigued by his explanation and asked him questions about the scope of

The cleft needs to be repaired (through surgical interventions like palatoplasty) because it’s extremely important for feeding and swallowing, as well as speech. Similar to sleep, without sufficient nutrition, an individual will not be able to fully develop. A lack of sufficient nutrition will affect an individual’s cognitive ability, as well as their physical health. This is why surgical intervention is such a critical component of the process and one of the steps that is completed earlier on in the process. In addition to cleft palates, velopharyngeal insufficiency is a common symptom for about forty percent of individuals with TCS, and is often related to a cleft palate. Velopharyngeal insufficiency can be related to issues with breathing and feeding. It is also related to articulation problems and hypernasality. The articulation issues are likely due to the lack of ability to build pressure and without pressure consonants are altered (Goorhuis-Brouwer & Priester, 2008,

Cleft palate is a birth defect that occurs when the roof of the baby’s mouth does not form properly. The tissue that makes up the roof of the mouth does not form completely. This can happen both front and back of the palate or only part of the palate is open. (CDC)

Next, according to the article “Iowa’s Nasty Water War”, (2016) claims that innocent people are at risk for major health problems. A specific example is shown with the Raccoon river that runs right through Iowa. Farmers are spraying their fields with fertilizers to help the crops grow with few problems which sounds like a great idea until a study had shown that there was a large amount of runoff from three rural counties near by. When nitrates are ran into a water supply and a infant consumes it such as in the child’s formula the nitrates constrict the oxygen in the baby's blood thus turning the child a light blue. Others that are vulnerable are pregnant women and the elderly because they have such weak immune systems and are susceptible to

SIDS spontaneously occurs to an infant where they stop breathing leading to death. After adjustment for demographic and other factors and for other pollutants, it was found that 47% increase in (Cl) Chlorine for respiratory causes and 56% increase in (Cl) Chlorine towards the ozone and infantile deaths. Research has shown that the neighborhood-level socioeconomic status that you are born into heavily influences the individual level exposure to hazardous materials and air pollution. This study provides further support for Particle Matter (PM) air pollution as a risk factor for respiratory-related post neonatal infant mortality and suggests that pollution chemicals such as carbon monoxide may play a role in SIDS. In general, persons with lower socio-economic status (SES) had higher estimated exposures, based on indicators of education, unemployment, poverty, and

If you wish to avoid nitrates in your body, it is recommended to “eat as little as possible any processed foods and cured meats, reading labels for any nitrates and nitrites, organics, sometimes the water may also be contaminated with nitrates or

Women around world, especially pregnant women, are highly exposed to environmental contaminants by eating foods as well. Though, many pregnant women are not aware of high toxin levels present in food they eat and how much their infants are exposed through trans-placental and breast milk transmission from the mother. The article Dozens of Words for Snow, None for Pollution, by Maria Cone, talks about how pregnant women in Artic are at

The incidence of cleft lip (CL) with or without cleft palate (CP) is approximately 1 in 800 live births. The incidence of CP alone is 1 in 2000 live births. CL with or without CP is more common in males, and CP alone is more common in females. The defect appears more often in Asians and certain tribes of Native Americans than in whites and less frequently in blacks.

Ever since I was younger I knew my voice was different. Growing up, I developed this constant fear that it would swallow me whole and tats all people would remember me as: that girl with the lisp. As stupid as it is, my mediocre fear would effect my daily life. I would be too afraid to talk in class, and meeting people for the first time would be like playing a game of Russian roulette. I either gave out a sigh of relief if they overlooked my lisp or gave out nervous laughter if they pointed it out. I’ve always seen my lisp as a burden. It was something that slowed me down, made me different, and caused attention. Always thought my opinion on that would stay the same, but lately I think I’ve matured enough to realize that it’s not a big deal. After all that worrying I’ve realized it has all shaped me to be the person I am today.

Individuals with cleft palate may experience secondary disorders such as feeding and suckling difficulties in infancy, facial deformities, hypernasality, and difficulty maintaining sufficient intraoral pressure to properly produce pressure consonants. These problems can occur at multiple stages as a child grows into adolescence and young

The study was done to women that lived in suburban areas and encountered vehicle fumes every day. While being exposed to moderate, steady amounts of CO during pregnancy, a positive correlation was made between exposure and children with cancer at an odds ratio of 5.6 while 83% of the births occurred in urban areas (Heck, 2013). A test was done in South Korea to determine how exposure to PM and NO2 affected the development skills of the children at 6, 12, and 24 months of age. More specifically it measured effects on the central nervous system, cardiovascular, and pulmonary system. Air quality monitor stations measured the air pollution daily at where they lived and a neurodevelopment test was done to see how they were maturing. PM and NO2 had significant adverse effects on the children’s psychomotor developmental index and mental development index at 6 months of age (Kim, 2014). The cause of low birth weight, small for gestational age, and preterm birth are from the pollutants acting on the placenta functions and hormones. During the last trimester of pregnancy is when PM starts damaging the mitochondrial DNA. There was less measured mtDNA when the mother was exposed to PM late in pregnancy. Exposure during the first trimester leads to less DNA methylation. Another reason for these birth defects is the effect is has on blood transfer to the fetus. Preterm birth happens because particulate matter

The most serious of these being hyaline membrane disease (HMD), most commonly known as RDS or respiratory distress syndrome. Babies that suffer from this condition will tend to find it very difficult to breathe due to the increased surface tension and the ultimate lack of oxygen transported through the body can seriously impair and damage the functions of the brain and other organs of the baby. Surfactant deficiency’s can also sometimes be caused by mutations in a particular gene. An example of this is surfactant protein or SP-B deficiency. This particular dysfunction is hereditary and is caused by a gene mutation on chromes number two. Babies that suffer from tis condition rarely survive past a few months. However there are some procedures that can help babies who may have been born prematurely and have not manufactured enough surfactants to support regular functions. Surfactant replacement therapy and surfactant supplements are amongst the most popular treatments of these types of surfactant deficiencies in newly born

Levallois, P ; Thériault, M ; Rouffignat, J ; Tessier, S ; Landry, R ; Ayotte, P et al. 1998, Groundwater contamination by nitrates associated with intensive potato culture in Québe, Science of the Total Environment, view 22 October 2013, < http://www.researchgate.net/publication/13590434_Groundwater_contamination_by_nitrates_associated_with_intensive_potato_culture_in_Qubec>