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Heart disease is the leading cause of death among women in the United States. It is estimated that one in four women die from heart disease every year. Women are at a higher risk for heart disease than men because of a lack of knowledge and information. Women often feel the need to care for others before themselves and neglect their own health needs. As mothers, and sisters, and daughters it is important to protect our health for those that depend on us. Heart disease is preventable through knowledge and awareness and taking precautionary steps.

“One in nine deaths in 2009 included heart failure as a contributing cause. About half of the people who develop heart failure die within 5 years of diagnosis” (Heart Failure Fact Sheet). “Researchers have proven that African-Americans are at an increased risk of congestive heart failure. This is due to diabetes and high blood pressure, rather than race alone”. “There is no cure for heart failure. Treatments are used to relieve symptoms of CHF and try to prevent any further damage. The exact plan to help the patient depends on the stage and the type of heart failure the patient has”

Currently, Heart disease is the leading cause of death among women in the United States (Haskell et al., 2014). In the 2016 Update of the Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics report from the American Heart Association, women, in general, have a 32% prevalence rate for LDL issues vs. 31% for men. Likewise, in older women vs older men, the prevalence for hypertension rates for women were 57% vs. 54% in men (Mozaffarian et al., 2016). Within the VA, there is an even bigger gap for management of LDL’s and heart disease. 79.47% of women vs. 88.89% of men have LDL levels within the normal limits. Similarly, 79.34% of women vs. 85.67% of men with diabetes had an LDL within normal limits (Whitehead et al., 2014). Both high LDL and hypertension are proven risk factors for heart disease and stroke. When paired with diabetes, risk of peripheral artery disease, heart failure, and irregular heartbeat can also be factors (Mozaffarian et al., 2016).

The risk of heart disease rises as people age. Men develop an increased risk of heart disease at the ages of 45 and older, while women 55 and older are at an increased risk. “A woman’s natural hormones give some level of protection from heart disease before menopause.” (www.fda.gov) “After menopause, women develop heart disease as often as men, and women who have a heart attack don’t fare as well as men. Women are more likely than men to die from a heart attack.” (www.fda.gov) Obesity is caused by many different possible factors including “genetics, metabolic, psychological reasons, socicultural reasons, sedentary lifestyle, neuroendocrines, medicamental reasons, and high caloric nutrition.” (www.obesidad.net) Obesity is known to cause colon cancer, high blood pressure, and premature death. “Obesity is also associated with high blood cholesterol, complications of pregnancy, menstrual irregularities, hirsutism (presence of excess body and facial hair), stress incontinence (urine leakage caused by weak pelvic-floor

Heart disease, also known cardiovascular disease, is an illness like none other; it takes an unfortunate toll on the body and causes many malfunctions. People who deal with this disorder suffer from problems such as heart attacks, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and more. Although heart disease is a major concern for many people, it is not as prevalent for those in certain parts of the world. This paper compares the rates of heart disease in the United States versus those in Japan. After studying this disease and how it affects people around the world, it is clear that Americans have much higher rates of heart disease than the Japanese, mainly because of risk factors, like poor diets and lack of exercise. By studying the history of heart disease in both countries, the implications of the disorder, and different populations impacted, it is clear that heart disease is a major epidemic around the world. The evidence that reports the differences of heart disease rates between America and Japan is astounding.

In addition, the researchers conducted a chart review of each participant 's medical record. In this study the results showed that “compared with men, women used more evasive and supportive coping and rated psychologic aspects of the heart disease as more problematic to manage. More women perceived available support from friends and grandchildren, and more men perceived available support from their partner. Women rated lower levels in physical and psychologic dimensions of quality of life” (Kristofferzon et al., 2005, p. 39).

We all know someone who has suffered from heart disease. Whether it was from a heart attack, congestive heart failure, or stroke, some type of cardiovascular disease has taken the life of someone we loved way too soon. This epidemic of heart disease must be stopped through the collaboration of physicians, nurses, law makers, and concerned citizens. The purpose of this paper is to examine cardiovascular disease, the risks associated with heart disease and obesity per Milo’s framework, comparison of obesity and Healthy People 2020 national goals, and finally the long-term and short-term goals and interventions selected for this paper.

Bibbins-Domingo et al. (2009) conducted an empirical examination into rates of heart failure among young adults. The article outlines the unfortunate fact that there is little empirical knowledge regarding the rates of heart failure within the young adult populations. This knowledge is even worse when it comes to examining minority populations, especially within the African American community that is increasingly vulnerable to heart conditions. With heart failure and other cardio conditions being such a prevalent problem in the United States, it is imperative that current discourse understand it much more than we do now. Thus, the purpose of this study was to better document and analyzes the incidences of heart failure in young adults, as to better describe any patterns or correlations within the group that would help provide better information. The overall hypothesis of the study was that African American populations were more likely to be vulnerable at this younger stage than their white counterparts. To meet this purpose, the study implemented an empirical study that examined heart failures of 5115 African American and white young adults, ages 18-30, over a period of 20 years. Results clearly showed that African American youth were at a much higher rate of early heart failure, as the study showed that out of the participants 27 had heart failure and 26 of those individuals were African American. This lead the study to

The ideal cardiovascular risk group applies to women who are at the lowest level of risk, based on seven measurable criteria. It would stand to reason that if women can achieve these seven standards of ideal cardiovascular health, they would reduce their risk for CVD. Finally, these guidelines emphasized a lower cut point for women considered high risk using the Framingham risk score. The most recent Guidelines for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women put out by the American Heart Association (AHA) in 2011 expanded upon the 2004 and 2007 recommendations for female-specific recommendations for CVD prevention for women in the USA.

This is probably due to a long-held belief in the medical community that women didn’t experience heart attacks (Lear). Due to this misconception, there was minimal research done on women’s heart attacks. In fact, in 1996 a national survey discovered that two-thirds of doctors were completely unaware that men and women experienced different symptoms (Lear). When surveyed in a 2005 study, fewer than one in five doctors—primary care physicians, OB/GYNs, and cardiologists—were aware that more women than men died from cardiovascular disease (Mosca). There have been improvements in the representation of women in studies of cardiovascular health, since 1993 when The National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act required representation based on sex and race be proportional to the population. However, even since then most of the research from which proposals for diagnosing, treating, and even preventing cardiovascular disease had been concluded, the research was done on middle aged, white, males which leaves women and minorities grossly under represented (Lee). Even as the AHA warns us with advertisements about the prevalence of heart disease in women, a 2007 review of their prevention guidelines for women found that of the 156 randomized clinical trials cited, women made up an average of 30% of the subjects. To contrast this with the population, women make up about 50% of individuals with

Greeting: Hello Everyone, My name is Shelly Kutschenko and I’m here to talk about Heart disease in women

Traditionally men are considered to be at high risk. However Hemingway et al reported that women have a similarly high incidence of angina when compared with men. Additionally women with stable angina have an increased long-term coronary mortality when compared with women from the general population (122, 124).

The topic I will explore is heart disease in women. The question, what do healthcare providers need to know about cardiovascular disease in women and how their symptoms and presentation differ from men will be discussed. Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in women and men in the Western world. Nearly 1 million cardiovascular related deaths a year are women. Many women’s risk factors go unrecognized and untreated by their primary care physician (Pregler et al., 2009). According to FamilyDoctor.org, “American women are 4 to 6 times more likely to die of heart disease that of breast cancer” (2009). In generally men have an earlier onset of heart disease than to women but have a higher survival rate from heart

I can relate to this article, as I have recently suffered a great loss due to this very reason. My 13-year-old cousin passed away six months ago due to heart disease. She was a healthy looking kid with

We can not only talk with, but we can see the person we are talking to thousands of miles away. It is mankind's greatest hour. Yet sadly, it is also our time of dying. Strange that no matter how advanced our society has become, our nation's health hasn't caught up. After all, heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease, is our nation's number one killer (Preventive Magazine Health Books p. 153).