Climate Change In The Beringia Upland Tundra

This study directly relates to my question because it provides two consequences of climate change; sea ice reduction and increase in primary productivity due to the warming of the oceans. As to how it is effecting the polar bears reproduction, results show that in one subpopulation's body size, condition, and reproductive success increased or remained stable due to an increase their prey ringed seals, due to increase in productivity. In the other subpopulation, there was lower recruitment and an overall smaller body size of the bears with a location that had fewer periods of reduced ice and no significant increase in productivity. This suggests that climate change can improve reproductive success of polar bears in some locations and decrease in

The arctic Tundra is normally around 10 to 29 degrees fahrenheit. Rainfall may vary in different regions of the arctic. Yearly precipitation, including melting snow, is 6 to 10 inches. Soil is formed slowly. The biggest threat to the Tundra is global warming. Many scientists believe global warming caused by greenhouse gases may eliminate Arctic regions, including the tundras there, forever. Another concern is that about one third of the worlds soil-bound carbon is in the tundra permafrost. Cutting greenhouse gas emissions by switching to alternative energy uses is key to protecting Earth's tundra habitats. The Tundra is located at the top of the earth by the North Pole. Switch to alternative energy

In the northern part of the earth and the upper slopes of all mountains all over the world, a unique biome called tundra exists. Tundra is one of the coldest and harshest biomes of the world. The winters are long and cold, and the summers are short and cool. Tundra is far from the equator; therefore, Tundra soil is generally poor in nutrients. Since the biome is covered in snow throughout the year, the arctic tundra doesn’t seem like a place where plants and animals can survive. Yet, plants and animals are able to survive, thanks to their special adaptations. In fact, it isn’t the freezing temperature that they fear; it is us, human. Today, tundra faces lots of threats and problems because of human. One of the major problem is Global

Tundra biomes are located in the region just south of the Arctic ice caps, the high mountain tops of North America, Europe, Siberia, half of Canada and most of the Alaskan coast. The summer last 6 to 10 weeks on average and does not get warmer than 50 degrees. In winter the temperature ranges from -20 degrees to 20 degrees. The climate is unusually dry and cold with the rain averaging no more than 10 inches yearly that includes the melted snow. The dry and strong makes the tundra an extreme weather biome. However, there are few trees in the tundra and even smaller vegetation that are capable of growing in a tundra. You most commonly can find dwarf shrubs, grasses, mosses and lichens. Some of the animals that thrive in the tundra are the Arctic

The tundra biome is the coldest and harshest biome in the world. For most of the year the tundra is snow covered with an average temperature of -30 degrees Fahrenheit in the winter and 37 to 54 degrees Fahrenheit in the summer. The yearly average rainfall is 6 to 10 inches due to all the melting snow that covers this biome. The tundra is usually treeless and can be found in the artic and the tops of mountains. Sedges, reindeer moss, liverworts, grasses, foliose lichen, and crustose are all plants that live in the tundra. To survive some plants must use photosynthesis at colder temperatures. Plants use a shallower root system to combat the effects of permafrost, they also change their reproductive process because of the short growing season.

The whole entire year is very cold. Most of the time the temperatures drop to below freezing. Almost every day it snows except for during the summer. You have to stay inside if it is windy, because there are flakes of snow and ice the can sting and scratch your skin. The soil there is very moist, because the snow on top of it melts into the ground.

Polar bears are one of the countless species who are endangered. They were one of the first animals affected by global warming and their population is heavily decreasing. Around 1980, the Arctic was as large as 8 million square kilometres. In 2011, studies show that the Arctic has reduced its size to 4.5 million square kilometers. In the future, will there be anything such as the Arctic? Scientist predict by 2040, only a fringe of ice will remain in Northeast Canada and Northern Greenland. This is known as the Last Ice Area. This matter is mostly taking part in Canada, since; Canada holds more than half the world’s polar bear population. Other affected countries include the U.S. (Alaska), Greenland,

Glacier retreat will greatly affect polar and aquatic ecosystems and animals. Most arctic life revolves around the sea and presence of sea ice. Without the presence of ice, most ecosystems will be recreated. Polar bears are one species in great danger. Polar bears use sea ice as a birthing and hunting ground, and also use it to travel from one place to another. As glaciers start to disappear, the mother polar bear has less access to food; therefore, the chance of survival for her and her young is very slim. The polar bears chance of reproduction becomes less as the glaciers retreat. As the top of the food chain, their decline will cause negative effects for each level below them (Review Diagram G). The only way for polar bears to survive, is by

In the scientific article, “Love in the Time of Climate Change: Grizzlies and Polar Bears Now Mating,” by Adam Popescu, believes that climate change is helping to cause grizzlies and polar bears to mate. He points out that glacier sheets are retreating, this forces the polar bears to move into grizzly’s territory. Moreover, that the permafrost is also starting to melt, which is causing grizzlies to wander into the polar bears territory. Consequently, he goes on to put that because of this mating, the grizzlies are eating up the polar bears genetically. He concludes that if this trend keeps up, in a few decades any kind of the bear population in this area will be no more. Lastly, the author’s purpose is to make readers aware of the hidden effects

"Climate change is a change in the statistical properties of the climate system that persists for several decades or longer" (Montgomery, 2015). Climate change (or global warming) can be caused by a natural progress such as sun 's radiations and volcanoes, or it can be caused by human 's actions such as land use, deforestation, and pollution. (Hardy, 2003).This phenomenon not only affects the environment, but it also affects human lives. Alaska is the largest state in the United States. It includes lands on both sides of the Arctic Circle. Sixteen national wildlife refuges are home to a great variety of flora and fauna. In the past 60 years. The Alaska 's environment changed drastically; the climate is warming up as twice as much in comparison to all the other states. This essay will discuss firstly the climate change in the Alaskan environment. Then it will highlight the changes in the ocean and costs, the effects that global warming is having on Alaska 's natives and the melting permafrost. It will then finally address who is responsible for this effects and some measures that can be taken.

Habitat loss is one of the most evident effects of climate change on animals. Forests, as well as deserts support many forms of life. It is the home of insects and animals like bears, and birds. If forests will be cleared out for the development of land for families, business and farming purposes, animals will loose their homes and food. Because of deforestation, many of the trees and the other plants that provide food to the herbivorous animals will get extinct at a faster speed. Droughts caused by global warming could dry up 90 percent of central U.S. wetlands, eliminating essential breeding habitat for ducks, geese and other traveling species (National Wildlife Federation). Climate change is the main reason to wildlife's survival and putting natural resources in danger. The change in temperature caused by global warming has many effects on the habitats of animals. The melting ice will cause the loss of habitat for species such as the polar bears, penguins, and seals. The arctic ice that is melting makes it difficult for polar bears to hunt. Warmer water will also cause the population of fish such as trout

Animals of the tundra have had to adapt to the long cold winters and to having to raise their young quickly in the summer. Some other adaptations of animals include thick insulating cover of feathers or fur; large, compact bodies; pelage and plumage that turns white in the winter and brown in the summer; the ability to accumulate thick deposits of fat during the short growing season; hibernation; and migration. Some of the animals that are found living in the tundra are lemmings, voles, caribou, artic hares, squirrels, artic foxes, wolves, polar bear, ravens, snow buntings, falcons, loons, ravens, sandpipers, terns, snow birds, mosquitoes, flies, moths, grasshoppers, black flies, artic bumble bees, cod, flatfish, salmon, and trout. Some of these animals are shared with other neighboring biomes but some are only home to the tundra. The tundra is the simplest biome in terms of species composition and food chain. The neighboring biome of the tundra is the boreal forest (taiga).

This aspect will depend on the extent of the impact of global warming on polar bears. For example, reducing the ice floes of polar bear predation generated

Scientists have dedicated a significant amount of time and resources to establish the impacts of climate change on Arctic ecosystems. Markedly, the major concern of the study is the expectation that the Arctic region will face adverse effects of global warming than other biomes because the Arctic is more susceptible to these impacts of climate change. This explains the phenomenon of the vulnerability of the arctic zones to the climatic changes observed today. The effects of climatic changes have impacted on the arctic vegetation, arctic animal life, and life in the arctic seas.

Not only the marine environment and the freshwater communities, but the terrestrial species are also impacted by climate change. The number of plant species has been decreasing. Prowse et. al, (2009b, p.284) report that temperature and precipitation change will lead to the change in the composition of flora communities, and this can result in the loss of plant species. Also, Lemieux & Scott (2005, p.393) state that there is a wide decline in the taiga biome, thus, the global warming directly impact the biodiversity of plant species. Climate change can also influence the birds ' growth rate as well. Lower birds ' growth rates and adult body mass occurred in the north (Prowse et. al, 2009b, p.286). Additionally, the caribou activities are threatened by climate change as well. According to the report from Prowse et. al. (2009b, p.285), owing to global warming, the incidence of parasitic infection happens more frequently and the forage has been decreasing in winter; these trends result in the decline in numbers of caribou. Moreover, the impact of climate change on the permafrost seems to be serious. Discontinuous permafrost will disappear at the southern boundaries of these permafrost zones, and the continuous permafrost will degrade to the discontinuous permanent; that can result in some lakes and wetlands turning to drain (Prowse et. al, 2009a, p.268). The