Climate Change Of The New Nematode Diseases And Changing The Distribution Of Existing Ones

Climate change has affected us in many ways, but it was even more influential on organisms and their community. The Earth is gradually heating and we are left to deal with the consequences. Homes are being destroyed, organisms are dying, and resources are running low. Since 1880, Our Earth’s temperature had increased by about 0.8 degrees Celsius. Climate change is affecting the Earth and scientists say that one more degree will greatly affect people from all over the world. There are many consequences of climate change and each one has a great impact on all of us, but organisms’ homes are being destroyed and thousands of species are dying out. These organisms are imperative to our world and how it functions.

Current environmental health problems that will likely exacerbate due to climate change include changes in air and water quality, and increase in parasite growth and chemical pollutants.

With global warming, ecosystems will take a hit, as species will try to adapt to the changes around them. Species that cannot change their old habits will not survive due to survival of the fittest. Changed ecosystems could even lead to extinction of some kinds. This would upset the food chain, as the balance of nature completely flips upside-down. Mosquitoes can be a good example of how global warming effects North Dakota as well. With the perfect living conditions brought by climate change, mosquitoes have a longer lifespan and have more chances to spread diseases. Malaria and West Nile are just two of the many diseases easily spread. The number of people infected or sick with these diseases if multiplied even more since the mosquitoes have the perfect environment to grow in and expand (“Global Warming”). Even something as inconsequential as wildlife can be great affected by global warming in North

Climate Change affects the T. Cruzi parasite greatly, if the host (humans, animals, etc.) live in average/”good” housing conditions then the bug will not be able to affect them. T. Cruzi is a silent killer. In the acute phase, you will not have many symptoms, but the ones that you will have will be hard to link with the T. Cruzi parasite itself. With rising temperatures, the colony will expand North and more people will be at risk of exposure. Since you can’t really be affected by this parasite while living in any good housing conditions, the animals around you may still have a high chance of infection. This may increase the expansion of the colony greatly as well. Charles Darwin once said while in Argentina, "It is most disgusting to feel

Pinewood nematode is transmitted from tree to tree by pine sawyer beetles which overwinter as larvae in dead pines or pine logs which still have the bark attached. After pupating, the adult pine sawyer beetles, carrying nematodes in their tracheae, fly to healthy host pine trees where the nematodes enter through feeding wounds. Pinewood nematodes migrate to resin canals where they feed and rapidly reproduce. The resin canal system is damaged and water movement in the tree is disrupted. Once the pine tree dies the nematodes continue to feed and reproduce on blue stain fungus which infects the tree. In summer, female pine sawyer beetles carry nematodes as they fly back to dead pine wood where they lay their eggs. Eggs

Global warming may increase the risk of some infectious diseases, like malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, and encephalitis. These diseases are spread by mosquitoes and other insects, and could become more common if a rise in temperature allows those insects to live farther north. Also, the increase in rainfall that is likely to occur with an increase in global temperature would serve to help increase the reproduction of the vectors. In February 1999, Britain's Institute of Animal Health linked outbreaks of the lethal horse fever virus in Africa to the El Nino phenomenon. The warming and increase in rainfall in Africa caused by El Nino led to many more horses being bitten by infected vectors. The scientists said their research shows this pattern is likely to happen with other vector-borne diseases when global warming occurs. Increased temperatures could also reduce the gestation periods of disease vectors, which could aid the breeding of strains resistant to pesticides. Scientists also hypothesize that algae

Marked by its swampy woodlands the boreal forest biome is located in the northern part of Canada and Russia. Evidently, the boreal forest ecosystem is comprised of many different species such as wolf, lynx, moose, hare, marten, conifer, and grass (Biome Explorer, 2012). Unfortunately, global warming is a scenario that could cause the genetic diversity of the boreal forest population to be severely damaged. For example, if this biome were to experience an increase in temperature it would positively impact bark beetles causing outbreaks which in turn becomes detrimental to the trees within this ecosystem such as the conifers. Therefore, global warming would cause unbalance between the bark beetles and the conifers, since the increase of bark

Many effects due to the climate change at times played a role in an unfavorable way to some organism including bees and blueberries. Kerr et al, (2015) demonstrated that bumblebees’ migration pattern have not shifted poleward or up in elevation while it is a general trend for species to shift their ranges as a response to climate change and the distribution in southern region are experiencing shrinking. With facing intensive heat stress, bees are highly susceptible to rapid climate change. Also, it is highly likable to occur the phenological mismatch between bees and blueberries in that the flowers are available thanks to the early blooming, but no bees are around to pollinate them. In addition, a frequent and extended drought is considered

In the introduction of Thomas Gale Moore’s essay, he states that “Threats of global warming are bringing on a plague… infestation we speak of is a plague of misinformation, infecting the public consciousness and blurring the issue of the effects of climate change on human health in a swarm of anxiety and confusion”. One of his sources states that “global warming is not the current problem. It is a collapse in public health measures, an increase in drug resistance in parasites, and an increase in pesticide resistance in vector

Increased temperatures cause warmer winters and hotter, dryer summers, allowing the beetle population to expand and put the forests in jeopardy. There are multiple negative effects associated with the beetle’s deforestation. Such deforestation causes a positive climate feedback loop, economic loss for the lumber and tourism industries, and hydrological impacts, which include alteration of storm water run off levels, water turbidity, and water quality effects. The impacts of global warming on the mountain pine beetle population have resulted in unprecedented effects on the Northwestern American pine

"We call them dumb animals, and so they are, for they cannot tell us how they feel, but they do not suffer less because they have no words” (Anna Sewell). There is undeniable evidence that animals are being affected by climate change. Even though the effects are difficult to measure, there are many different ways animals are being affected. With the loss of predator and prey species it affects the life cycles in the food chain. The earth’s climate change causes habitats such as snow, ice, or forest areas to alter, resulting in loss of habitat and food accessibility as well as causing extinction.

From a scientific point of view, the author describes and substantiates the existence of global warming and also observes the potential effects it could result in. These include of rising sea levels, shifted climate patterns, increased threats to infectious diseases, extreme global temperatures, and coastal erosion. But ultimately, the report informs readers that the degree to which global warming affects life on Earth primarily depends on our decisions.

Climate change is one of the major issues surfacing earth over the past century. The earth’s temperature has increased over the years leading to detrimental effects on the economic and life sources of people, especially that of agricultural production and livestock. The Merriam-Webster online dictionary (2014), defined climate change as a change in global climate patterns apparent from the mid late 20th century. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, (2007) predicts that by 2100 the increase in global average surface temperature may be between 1.8° C and 4.0° C. With increases of 1.5° C to 2.5° C, approximately 20 to 30 percent of plant and animal species are expected to be at risk of extinction. Moreover, the IPCC (2007)

Sporadic surveys during the past 25 years (Mekete and Van den Berg, 2003) indicated that several plant- parasitic nematode genera and species were associated with various crops in different areas of Ethiopia. Ac- cording to Abebe and Geraert (1995), taxonomic stud- ies of plant-parasitic nematodes in Ethiopia are almost non-existent. These authors described four known and one new species. Recently, Mekete et al.

Agriculture is one of the major sector becoming vulnerable to climate-change. Increased incidences of abiotic and biotic stresses are likely to cause serious negative impact on crop production. Abiotic stress is defined as the negative impact of non-living factors on the living organisms in a specific environment. The non-living variable must influence the environment beyond its normal range of variation to adversely affect the performance or individual organism in a significant way. This leads to decrease in the productivity by more than 50% in major crop plants which are growing word wide (Bray et al., 2000). Increased water stress, reduction in rainfall and increased air temperature are the major reasons for yield decline in wheat and paddy crops in many parts of South Asia. The average increase in temperature per decade is measured to be 0.28 ºC over land and 0.12 ºC over ocean and predicted that it is likely to rise further to a maximum of 2.5 ºC by 2050 and 5.8 ºC by 2100 (Jones et al., 1999; Grover et al., 2011). The principal abiotic stresses in India are drought or soil moisture stress, high temperatures, soil salinity/alkalinity, low pH and metal toxicity stresses that affect nearly two-thirds area forming parts of the arid and semi arid eco systems (Grover et al., 2011).