Clinical Distinction Between Acute Bacterial Meningitis ( Abm ) And Viral Meningitis

•     Meningitis is a dangerous infection that can cause the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord to swell. There are two types of Meningitis. The most common type of Meningitis is caused by a virus. Viral

Meningitis can be destructive without proper understanding of what it is caused by. There are three types of meningitis- bacterial, fungal, and viral. Contrasting factors tend to arise during a comparison of them. One of the most notable areas that viral, fungal and bacterial meningitis differ in are their treatment ability. However, they have the same general affects on the human body. In any case, there are tests that doctors can utilize in order to discover if the meningitis is bacterial, fungal, or viral.

First, the patient would have a fever, headache, or vomiting just as the flu. Then, he would think that it is just the flu and treat it that way according to his previous knowledge. After that, the symptoms and the disease are going to get worse, more severe, and more developed because of the ignorance and the lack of awareness about the only sign that differs meningitis and flu from each other. However, the patient at this moment would go to the doctor seeking the treatment, but it is too late (1). Also, some students ignore the meningitis vaccines and in light of this fact the chances of getting meningitis are high. “Up to a quarter of students carry the bacteria that can cause meningitis compared to one in ten of the general population." (2). Stress also play a critical role besides these two affecters on the chances of getting

8. The CSF results suggest bacterial meningitis because the cerebral spinal fluid is usually clear or slightly cloudy. With bacterial meningitis, finding include decreased glucose, increased protein, and primarily polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Viral meningitis causes an increased protein and normal glucose (Al Bekairy, Al Harbi, & Aikatheri, 2014 ).

Meningococcal Meningitis is the infection and inflammation of the meninges. Newborns and infants are at greatest risk for contracting bacterial meningitis with Neisseria meningitides being the typical pathogen in the majority of children age 2 months through 12 years (London, Ladewig, Ball, Bindler, & Cowen, 2011). There is a mortality rate of 10% for children who develop meningitis from this particular bacterium (Muller, 2013).

Lab tests take time to be finalized and when a patient is already presenting symptoms, treatment must be started to increase the chance of survival. The most common lab test for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is a lumbar puncture to obtain cerebral spinal fluid to be cultured. After cultured, cerebral spinal fluid will be Gram stained to confirm diagnosis. (3) When an infection is present the cerebral spinal fluid will show elevated white blood cells. The inflammation in the meninges can also be confirmed with imaging such as a CT scan.

Bacterial meningitis is the most common form of meningitis. Approximately 80% of all meningitis associated cases are bacterial, the disease is the critical reason for increasing morbidity rates in young children under the age group of one year. In the last 20 years (1991–2010) close to one million suspected meningitis cases were reported in the UK and in the US. [8] [5] The ‘meninges’ is the name for the three membranes that envelope the brain and cord (the central nervous system). Bacterial meningitis is caused by three different bacteria’s: Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis, and the Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. The bacteria spreads across the spinal cord and optic nerves, within the bacteria it 's fluid contents, the cerebrospinal fluid. The excessive manifestation of bacteria and their toxins within these areas, results in an inflammation of the cranial or spinal structures. This inflammation will consequence in severe damage to the nervous system and brain structures unless treated. Due to the nature of the meninges and the cerebrospinal fluid, an infection of any area of the system can rapidly spread to the rest of the system In this review I will discuss the epidemiology and pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis in young children and its subsequent clinical diagnosis of effective vaccines.[2]

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges and affects the brain and spinal cord. There are five types of meningitis: viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and non-infectious meningitis. The symptoms are somewhat similar, though the causes and recommended treatments differ. Bacterial meningitis is the most contagious type of meningitis. All types of meningitis can be very debilitating to your health if not treated promptly (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014).

The obvious signs of meningitis include sudden fever, severe headaches, sensitivity to bright light, nausea, vomiting, double vision, trouble with balance, and a stiff neck. Encephalitis can be characterized by seizures, fever, change in behavior, and related neurological signs. Meningitis and Encephalitis can occur in all ages. When dealing with an infant, important signs to watch for include fever, lethargy, vomiting, body stiffness, unusual irritability, and a full or bulging fontanel.

Meningitis started in 1805,in Switzerland. There were numerous outbreaks,later showing up in the U.S the following year.In 1887,Anton Weichselbaum discovered and proved that bacteria is another way that can cause meningitis.20 years later,SimonFlexner created a medicine made up of horse blood.Later a more helpful antibotiacs was found in the late mid-1940’s by a group of doctors called pennicillin ,which is a

Samples of blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are collected and sent to a laboratory for testing. The specific cause of the meningitis infection is important to doctors and helps them treat it accordingly. In the case of bacterial meningitis, the bacteria can be grown (cultured). Thus, the type of bacteria causing the meningitis can be identified and treated with the appropriate antibiotics.

Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes surrounding your brain and spinal cord. The swelling associated to viral meningitis also has symptoms including headache, fever and a stiff neck. Most cases of meningitis are caused by a viral infection, bacterial and fungal infections also can lead to meningitis. Depending on the cause of the infection, meningitis can get better on its own in a couple of weeks, or it can be a life-threatening emergency. Which requires urgent antibiotic treatment.( http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/meningitis/basics/definition/con-20019713)

Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, membranes that surround the brain. This can extend as far as infecting the cerebral spinal fluid on top of causing the tissue to swell. Meningitis comes in two major forms; bacterially and virally. However, having bacterial meningitis is much more severe than viral meningitis. There is a lot more danger in having a bacterial infection within the brain than a viral infection within the brain. What makes bacterial meningitis so lethal is that “even when the disease is diagnosed early and adequate treatment is started, 5% to 10% of patients die, typically within 24 to 48 hours after the onset of symptoms. Left untreated, up to 50% of cases may die, (6) or there

Meningitis is viewed as an inflammation of the spinal cord or primarily the brain that was caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi, or toxins (Huether, S., 2012). Meningitis can be minor, mid acute, or chronic with the pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, and treatment (Huether, S., 2012). Bacterial meningitis are primarily placed to attack by an infection is in the Pia mater and the arachnoid (Huether, S., 2012). The Pia mater and the arachnoid are located in the innermost layer of the membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The cause and symptoms are the main scare of bacterial meningitis because it can be easily spread from person to person and have symptoms just like a common cold. Bacteria meningitis can

Vertebrae and approximately ten milliliters of fluid will be taken. If the person diagnosed with the bacterial meningitis, his or her sample will show a high level of protein and a low level of glucose (www.mayoclinic.org).