Clinical Outcomes Of Helicobacter Pylori Infection

A healthy adult has over 1000 species of bacteria residing in the gut (1). There is great diversity in genera of these bacteria, however the most

Blood and saliva borne bacteria are mainly the reason for some serious infectious diseases (Szymanska, 2005, Martin et al., 2009). For example, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a known virus that may be contracted in dental clinics. Investigation of the presence of the virus in the oral fluids of hepatitis B carriers showed that %70 of their sample were infectious (Molinari & Harte, 2010). The greatest concentration of the HBV is under the gingival sulucs where this area is inflamed routinely and allows blood to mix

The gut microbiota is extremely diverse – consisting of over 1,000 identified unique species of bacteria. It is indeed difficult to wrap one’s head around it – despite bacteria being microscopically small, and having an undetectable mass, the bacteria of the gut in a human can weigh over 2 pounds! This incredibly diverse mass of bacteria is also mostly unique on an individual basis – over 70% of the bacteria per gut are unique to each person [1]. Thus, the gut microbiota of each individual can effectively function as a unique source of identity.

H. pylori thrives in the acidic environment of the stomach and the finding that this bacteria contributed to the condition was remarkable news and led to the standard practice of treating peptic ulcers with antibiotics. As a result, the rate of H. pylori-induced ulcers has dropped by more than 50 percent. (Ackerman, 2012)

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium that inhabits the human stomach and has been linked as a risk factor for chronic gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. H. pylori is able to survive in the acidic environment of the stomach due to its urease enzyme which converts the urea in gastric juice to alkaline ammonia and carbon dioxide. Infection with H. pylori is generally contracted during childhood and can persist indefinitely if untreated. Possible risk factors for H. pylori infection include poor diet, poor hygiene, density, low socioeconomic status (SES), and family history of gastric disease. Studies have found an increased risk of infection with consuming food prepared under unsanitary conditions and a reduced risk with increased consumption of fruits and vegetables. Poor hygiene

Oral care plays a vital role in reducing VAP. Effective oral care starts with the assessment of the patient’s mouth and acts as measure for needs for each patient. There have been studies performed using different solutions including chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) as an oral care agent to reduce VAP. A test study was done using 101 patients 51 patients being the control group (using pink mouth swabs and traditional methods of oral care) and 49 patients being the tested group (using chlorhexidine gluconate at a minimum two times per day) VAP

On an episode of Robyn William’s hosted ABC radio national show, The Science Show, fellow presenter Dr. Chris Smith introduces guest speaker Barry Marshall to enlighten the audience about his new interesting research with long time colleague Dr. Robin Warren. In the interview, which took place on the 30th October 2010, Dr. Marshall speaks about how he and Dr. Warren have invested their effort to find new ways of developing vaccinations for sick patients battling stomach-relating diseases. The common notion that stress, smoking, alcohol and the consumption of spicy foods were the main reason for stomach ulcers, Dr. Marshall and Dr. Warren discovered that stomach ulcers were primarily caused by a stomach infection called Helicobacter Pylori.

A. p.Tyr136X mutation is able to confine the pathogenic effect of p.Gly45Glu in the mother and the reversion of p.Tyr136X

A quantitative allelic imbalance assay was developed to determine differences in gene expression from individual BRCA1/2 alleles. Allele-specific assays quantify gene expression specific to the allele being tested. For the BRCA1 gene, two individuals homozygous for the BRCA1-c.4308T/T or BRCA1-c.4308C/C polymorphism were tested. Complementary DNA (cDNA) was created from reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using RNAs extracted from blood lymphocytes. RT-PCR uses reverse transcriptase to form an RNA/cDNA heteroduplex that is then amplified by normal polymerase chain reaction techniques to produce a large quantity of cDNA. Ratios of the cDNA from the two alleles were mixed for use in real-time PCR (qPCR). qPCR uses fluorescent probes that anneal to the cDNA during PCR. These probes contain a reporter and a quencher; the reporter fluoresces when separated from the quencher, allowing a computer to measure the number of cycles needed for the fluorescence to exceed background levels (cycle threshold or CT). Using the ratios of cDNAs and ∆CT, a linear regression was computed to form an allelic expression standard curve that can be used to evaluate allelic imbalance. These same methods were repeated with BRCA2 with two individuals homozygous for the BRCA2-c.3396A/A or BRCA2-c.3396G/G allele.

One of the important aspects to consider is the high resistance levels of H. pylori to antimicrobials agents commonly used for treatment of gastric mucosal infections, such as ampicillin, clarithromycin, tetracycline and metronidazole

According to Fitzgerald, Helicobacter Pylori bacteria is found in 90% of the patient with duodenal ulcer (2015). This organism produces beta lactamase, therefore it’s resistance. Patient will need an antimicrobial therapy to eliminate the H. pylori infection and prevent recurrence of the disease in addition to an acid suppression therapy. The treatment therapy is known “standard triple therapy” That includes Proton pump inhibitor as well as clarithromycin and amoxicillin or metronidazole (Das, Sureshkumar, Sreenath & Kate, 2016). If the disease is caused from repeated use of NSAID then the drug of choice is Misoprostol 200mcg four times daily with food until NSAID is discontinued. Another form of treatment if cause does not relate to NSAID

The newest microbe that scientist are beginning to learn about gives hope to those who are intolerant to gluten, mainly sufferers of Celiac Disease. Presently, this condition affects “1 in 133 otherwise healthy individuals” (Mercola). What causes some people to be more susceptible to Celiac Disease? Scientists have learned that gluten intolerance becomes present when gluten, a protein found in wheat products, passes undigested through the small intestine. The inner lining of the intestines where villi are found is destroyed and nutrients from food are no longer absorbed. Commonly, gluten malabsorption goes undiagnosed for an average of four years, which can cause cancer, autoimmune disorders,

Since then, H. pylori has been almost completely eradicated in western countries, being placed onto the endangered species list. Unfortunately in developing countries, gastric and duodenal ulcers remain huge problems. The lack of access to antibiotics and the emergence of antibacterial resistant strains have greatly hindered efforts to cure the diseases. The controversy is not over, however, as 80% of people infected with H. pylori never develop any gastrointestinal diseases. We need to thoroughly research the bacterium and exactly how it works in order to fully understand the role of H. pylori in stomach diseases. With that information, we will have the means to combat the diseases caused by the bacterium and the lack of the

Unluckily, Young mentions how Hehemann “screened the gut bacteria of 13 Japanese volunteers” and “along with six others from another group with a similar role”

The present study could find an association between MBL2 exon 1 codon 54 polymorphism and susceptibility to RVVC. Carriage of mutant allele “B” was more frequent in women with RVVC (16.1%) than in controls (6%). In previous studies, MBL2 codon 54 polymorphism has been associated with increased frequency of RVVC in Latvian, Brazilian, Chinese, and Belgium [12, 32, 34, 35] but not Italian patients [31].