Closed Flue Pipe Investigation

The purpose of this experiment is to measure the speed of sound in air and to determine the effects of frequency on the speed of sound.

The only modification to the experiment is that you will need to use a high rate of gas

Growing up as a band geek, students often learn that there are two primary sections of the band: the winds and, the crazy ones in the back, the percussion. The wind instruments then split off into two groups: woodwinds and brass. Often woodwinds are seen as inferior to the brass section, but this is just a fantasy. Woodwinds are generally higher pitched than brass, and are higher on the sound pyramid.

For this lab we used two techniques which were the water displacement technique and filling a pipet all the way up 1. For the water displacement technique you need to first fill the graduated cylinder to an approximate measuring point. Then, you tilt the graduated cylinder and place the solid into the graduated cylinder. Finally, subtract the measurement with the solid in it to the starting place of the liquid 2. To fill a pipet all the way up you first need to place the pipet in the liquid and let go of the tip to let it fill up.

Each instrument produce a different harmonic sound. Any sound that is produced by any musical instrument can be very complex where they contain infinite amount of sine waves of different frequency levels, one of the most common genres is the pitch called for the fundamental frequency. There is 3 types of complex waves associated with sound the triangle wave, sawtooth wave and the square wave which are all made from the different harmonic sounds which show the difference between each individual harmonic as explained

The wind is a tangible, real thing with weight and power to move things by the molecules that it is made up of. The book has suggestions for feeling wind, air and how to see what air weights.

When you play a wind instrument you have to place your mouth in a certain way and blow a ton air. You have to blow your air as straight as possible, almost like a laser beam, through the instrument to make a good sound.

The experiment was conducted in four pigeon operant chambers (29.5 cm long, 25 cm wide, 30 cm high) in a sound-attenuating enclosure. The chambers were constructed from sheet metal with perplex front and back panels and a floor of iron bars. A house light was located at the top center of the back panel

The woodwind instrument that I chose was the clarinet. It has a narrow tube shape and metal keys that you press to change the sound. There is a piece of bamboo called a reed which is placed in the wooden mouthpiece at the top of the clarinet. These instruments are usually made of wood. These days, there are cheaper clarinets made of a special plastic for beginners. You play the clarinet by blowing through the mouthpiece which makes vibrations creating the sound. People all over the world play the clarinet. There are many different types of clarinets such as the bass clarinet or the contrabass clarinet. These clarinets are mostly used in orchestras, marching bands, and jazz or folk groups.

We used both 5mL and 10 mL pipettes, a pipette bulb, a 50mL dry beaker, water and scales. We did the experiment for three parts, we used 5mL pipette twice and used 10mL pipette once. The reason why we did the second time by using 5mL pipette was to compare the accuracy between two tests. And these three tests were following the same steps. For the first two tests, we weighed a dry

Frequency of a wave and wavelength have an inverse relationship, as one goes up the other goes down. The larger the wavelength, the lower the frequency of the wave will be which leads to a lower pitch. The smaller the wavelength the higher the frequency of the wave will be which leads to a higher

The instrument that we constructed to investigate different soundwaves and frequencies each mediums produce with was the vertical chimes. We changed the medium (materials) that the sound waves travelled through. The chime is made up of a newton ball, pebble, mothball and marble. Unlike the wind chimes we didn’t use wind to make the instrument play but we used a metal spoon to hit each individual materials with. This experiment was ran during class by using an app that recorded the frequency of the sound that the vertical chime was producing. We had many challenges on the way like recording the frequency with the app, controlling the variable and getting the results.

The three branches of the woodwind family have distinctive wellsprings of sound. Vibrations start when air is blown over the highest point of an instrument, over a solitary reed, or crosswise over two reeds. Reeds are little bits of stick. A solitary reed is braced to a mouthpiece at the highest point of the instrument and vibrates against the mouthpiece when air is blown between the reed and the mouthpiece. Two reeds entwined are usually known as a twofold reed. This twofold reed fits into a tube at the highest point of the instrument and vibrates when air is constrained between the two reeds. The English horn is another twofold reed instrument in the woodwind crew. Albeit much like the oboe, it is bigger than the oboe and its sound much

Let an octave start from key A. The ratio of frequency between adjacent keys is h.

Leung et. al. (2014) posit that post-combustion capture methods are easily applicable for retrofitting existing plants, and require simply that carbon dioxide be isolated from flue gas generated by fossil fuel burning. However, due to the low concentrations of CO2 in flue gas, the system efficiency is poor and it must be operational for long periods of time until CO2 receptacles are filled. This incurs heightened operation costs for maintaining the functioning machinery. Oxyfuel combustion techniques, while less easily installed at traditional burning plants and thus in use only at commercial demonstration plants, can capture carbon at much higher efficiencies by burning fuel in oxygen as opposed to air. However the