Closed Reduction Speech

The test has the physician move the patellar back and forth while the patient flexes the knee at 30 degrees (Saladin, 1998, p. 44). This test helps diagnose how severe the patella is dislocated and decide the best treatment option. Another test a physician can do is called the patella tracking assessment where they have the patient single leg squat and then stand (Slamaian). If the “patella that slips medially on early flexion is called the J sign, and indicates imbalance between the VMO and lateral structures” (Saladin, 1998, p. 41). Both of these test help diagnose the correct treatment, the difference is the patellar apprehension test is used for more severe cases but both lead to the best treatment

Post-surgery, your arm will be immobilized in a splint for at least a week. After a week you will be given an arm brace, which you will wear for most of your recovery. The brace limits your range of motion as you gradually gain it back. Physical therapy will take up to 12 months to complete. You will build up muscle in your arm and shoulder to gain strength and prevent another repeat of the injury. After therapy you will be able to throw and make your return to the diamond.

For phase on of recovery you should really rest it focusing mostly on reducing swelling so a knee bracket and ice is important small

Compression will help reduce and prevent swelling and can be applied immediately after injury at pitch side but only for 10 minutes at a time to avoid stopping the circulation. An elastic ankle support can provide mild compression throughout the healing process to help reduce swelling.

Rest the patient by safely transferring him/her off the field and situate them in a comfortable stance, stabilising the injury to reduce bleeding. The athlete must not use the injured site for a minimum of 48-72 hours as it may cause additional haemorrhage and injury. Next, apply ice accompanied with a form insulating material onto the injured site for 20 minutes every hour for the first 72 hours to decrease pain, bleeding and swelling. Compression involves wrapping the injured area using a bandage, ensuring that it is not too tight or loose. This stabilises the injury and minimises bleeding and swelling. Elevation requires the injured site to be raised above the heart to decrease the amount of bleeding, swelling, throbbing and pain. The injury can be kept elevated using a soft cushion and must be aloft whenever possible. The athlete must be referred to a doctor or a physiotherapist as soon as possible after managing the injury. This will establish the severity and any rehabilitation needed as well as tips on treatment

Majority of the patients that suffer with this injury have to have an open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) in order to correct the issue. The open reduction internal fixation is said to be less invasive on the bone, ligaments, muscles, and tendons, it also will relieve pain and prevent a reoccurring dislocation of the metatarsal.4 After surgery the patient is non-weight bearing for six weeks then will slowly progress to full weight bearing over a course of a couple of months. As for the rehabilitation process, the patient will most likely be in physical therapy for a long period of time. Part of the rehabilitation plan for an LFD consist of picking marbles up with the toes and placing them into a container, tracing the alphabet with the injured foot, balance exercises, and theraband exercises. One of the reason for the rehabilitation process is to regain most of the range of motion back in the ankle and foot. It also helps with rebuilding strength in the muscles of the foot and

Bone fractures happen in different severities. Some only require immoblisation, while others need surgery to heal properly. The doctor often prescribes a cast walker or moonboot after he sets the bone in the right position either by itself or in addition to surgery at a certain point in the healing process. A moonboot will keep the bone stationary enough for the bone to knit completely back together successfully.

Doctor Rust said it would be about three months in a cast and about another

• Rib resection. This is the removal of a small rib bone near the thoracic outlet.

examined the notch area and probed the anterior cruciate ligament. It was intact. We then examined the lateral compartment and probed the lateral meniscus. It was intact. We examined the medial compartment once again finally, looking for any remaining loose fragments. We then drained the knee and removed the hardware. The skin incisions were left open, and sterile dressings were applied under a

Approximately two weeks following surgery, the non-weight bearing splint and sutures are removed. The patient receives a boot or cast; however, the patient still needs to keep weight off of the foot for another four to six weeks.

• Open surgery. In this type of surgery, a larger incision is made, and the leads are implanted directly into your back.

Treatment for this condition depends on how severe the fracture was, which bone was fractured, your age, and your activity level. Treatment often involves wearing a cast or splint on your wrist. If any bones have moved out of place, your health care provider will move them back into place. This may be done with or without surgery. If surgery is needed, metal pins may be placed into your bone to hold it in place while it

The incisions will be closed with stitches (sutures), and a bandage may be placed over the

The second factor is wether the intervention should be an arthroscopy procedure or a full joint replacement. An arthroscopy involves the inserting of an arthrocscope into the joint in order to undertake a lavage procedure. The aim is to remove particulate matter such as cartridge and debride articular surfaces of calcium and osteophyte’s, to leave them smooth. Arthroscopic procedures ideally should aim to decrease synovitis and restore mechanical function, which interferes with joint movement. In a comparative study by (Kirkley et al., 2008), the effects of arthroscopic surgery were assessed for individuals who had [K-L 3, 4] OA of the knee. The 1st group underwent an arthroscopic procedure with physiotherapy and medical management while the 2nd group just had physiotherapy and medical management.