Clostridium Bottle Experiment

The experimental part of the lab consists of setting up the materials needed. A sample of E.coli and a solution of calcium chloride are first obtained and placed in different test tubes. 630µL of Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) are then removed from the test tube and inserted into the test tube containing E.coli cells (Alberte et al., 2012). The newly formed substance of Calcium Chloride and E.coli is then mixed and incubated in ice for 10 minutes, making the cells more competent. Two test tubes are obtained and labeled; the first test tube is labeled with pUC18 and the second one with “Lux” to represent the plasmids being used. These two test tubes are then incubated in ice. 3µl of the set plasmid are added to each of the two test tubes. The test tubes are tapped to guarantee the cells are well

The main idea of this experiment was to correctly identify the unknown bacteria, #3. Identification of unknown bacteria yields multiple benefits in many different areas in the research of microorganisms. In this experiment I performed many different test dealing with things such as the presence of enzymes, fermentation abilities and different chemical reactions. Observations made from the tests were then compared to a gram negative unknown chart in order to identify the bacteria. Based off of my results and the chart, I concluded the bacteria #3 was the bacteria Escherichia coli. E. coli is most commonly found in the intestines of warm blooded organisms. Most E. coli strands are non pathogenic however, there are strands

Clostridium difficile was discovered and isolated from neonates in 1935. It was initially considered a component of the fecal flora of newborns and not thought to be pathogenic (Keessen, Gaastra, & Lipman, 2010). The history of C. diff and other antibiotic resistant pathogens are closely related with the history of antibiotics. The first antibiotic discovered was penicillin by Alexander Fleming while working with Staphylococcus. With this discovery, a surge of natural and synthetic drugs was discovered to treat bacterial infections. During the 1970s, clindamycin and cephalosporins were highly used as an effective antibiotic against bacterial infection but at the same time disrupted the normal, healthy bowel flora, allowing C.

Many Americans die each year from complications connected to Clostridium difficile. It can ill a significant number of individuals as well as animals. The Clostridium difficile infection is the result of poor hygiene, misuse, overuse of antibiotics and an aging population. In this paper I will be discussing the following topics, what clostridium difficile means, what it causes, signs and symptoms, complications, treatment and the prevention.

Clostridium Difficile (C-Diff) is considered one of the most common infections a patient can acquire within their hospital stay. It is estimated that C-Diff is responsible for 337,000 infections and 14,000 deaths a year (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Working in the emergency department (ED), I have witness first hand how debilitating this gastrointestinal infection can be. Patients are admitted to the ED for having severe watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. Elderly patients are at increase risk for sepsis and dehydration related to recurrent infections. Appropriate management and education of C-Diff is optimal for patient survival and decrease contamination across lifespan.

2. Why do you think Mrs. Garner's students did not become ill, while Ms. Hines' kids did?

Clostridium difficile (C. diff) is a type of bacterium that can cause a person to endure diarrhea like symptoms to more drastic symptoms that may involve inflammation of the colon. Most people who come across C. diff are expected to be in a hospital setting for an extensive period of time. It is more accessible to acquire C. diff when a person is of old age, in a hospital setting, and taking antibiotic medication (Mayo Clinic, 2016). Normally, one would think that taking antibiotics would not cause any harm to the body, but would instead help the body fight off diseases. However, once a person who has been taking antibiotics for a long period of time stops taking them, such as in a nursing home or hospital setting, that person can develop some reactions in the absence of those antibiotics (Bartlett, 2012). This reaction, then allows the person to experience diarrhea symptoms, which lead to inflammation of the colon and more drastic colon problems.

This test is performed to check for Clostridium difficile bacteria in your stool. Being infected with this toxin can result in damage to the lining of your colon and may lead to colitis.

Objective: To create an ecosystem contained in a bottle with both terrestrial and aquatic environments sealed to the outside world.

Clostridium difficile, also known as C. diff, is a bacterium that causes severe symptoms, including inflammation of the colon, which can be life threatening (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). It is a very common infection that affects hundreds of thousands in the United States alone. If not caught and treated early, it can be deadly. I kills thousands of people in the United States every year (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2017). It is extremely important to learn the signs and symptoms of this infection so treatment can begin as early as possible.

Each year in the United States, many people require hospitalization due to various medical reasons. Often times, patients must undergo a course of antibiotics to treat the medical condition that warranted the hospitalization. The combination of the necessity to be admitted to a health care facility along with the administration of an antibiotic may result in a Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of a CDI, including an overview of the microbiology of Clostridium Difficile (C- diff), as well as the epidemiology, pathophysiology, signs, symptoms, treatment and prevention of the infection.

In this lab experiment, students had to create a growth curve for E. coli. The E. coli growth curve would illustrate the progression of the population of E. coli a set time period. In this case, the growth curve depicted the population of E. coli over a 12-hour period. The growth curve for E. coli was created from the absorbance levels, the optical density(OD), recorded from the spectrophotometer.

The experimental setup will be a pH meter placed inside each water bottle of water to check the acidity in each one, and it will be tested with a pH meter. The purpose of the investigation is to see which company of water bottles has the highest pH level. The independent variables are the different companies of water, the dependent variable will be the pH level of the water, and the controlled variable will be the pH meter, the computer and wires, the glass of water, and the distilled water.

The main objective of this experiment is to investigate the effect of different types of antibiotics on bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Some of the main methods used in this experiment

Each mixed culture that was tested had one gram positive and one gram negative bacterial species. The possible species of bacteria that could have been isolated from the mixtures included the following: Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella enterica, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The identities of the unknown species were determined through comparing the experimental data against data acquired from earlier experimentation.