Mentoring and Coaching: The Roles and Practices
Dr. Norhasni Zainal Abiddin, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
ABSTRACT Mentoring and coaching are all part of educational training to develop people in the professions. There are several similarities and differences in the main issues involved in mentoring and coaching. They are related to the selfdevelopment, professional growth and career development of the mentee/coachee. In establishing the approaches to be used, care must be taken to ensure that each person understands the limits or boundaries of the relationship. Indeed, it may be as important to indicate that there is a way out of the relationship as it is to encourage its development in the first place. Supervisory approaches
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Generally, it is a popular approach in education and in business. In a recent survey of Fortune 500 companies, 96 percent of executives identified mentoring as an important developmental tool, and 75 percent of them said it had played a key role in their career success (Heinz 2003). A mentor is identified as someone who teaches the student in a personal and close long-term relationship that allows critical concentration on the task performance (Brown and Krager 1985; Kirkham 1993). Before the 1990s, most authors used the word ‘supervisor’ in reference to a mentor at school with the meaning of someone who directs or oversees and watches over students so as to maintain order (Gardiner 1989), but increasingly, we see references to the mentoring of young people entering the teaching profession. Bullock (1988) was of the opinion that a mentor should establish a good rapport with his protégés, assess their needs in consultation with other interested and appropriate parties, and end the mentoring relationship at the appropriate time and in an appropriate manner. Thus, each mentoring arrangement is unique, and its particular nature will be established according to the personalities of the two individuals concerned (Mountford 1993). The relationship facilitates another’s personal growth and can also encourage and enable learning in order to maximise the mentee’s potential, develop their skills, improve their performance and become the person they want to be (Brown and
Mentoring involves a manager passing on his/her knowledge and expertise to an employee. Typically, the employee has a mentor who is at management level but not directly involved in his or her work area, so that issue s can be discussed in an impartial and confidential manner.
An advantage of mentoring is that it helps to acclimatise less successful workers to the job and organisational requirements. By having a "go to" person to ask questions, discuss scenarios and generally learn the nuances of the company, the mentee can become a productive member much more quickly and never feel that he has nowhere to turn for help. The mentee can gain the sense of achievement that comes from the mentor's feedback and assessment of his progress. The mentee's quest to gain the mentor's approval can serve as a motivating force to continue to improve his performance. The mentor can gain satisfaction from knowing that she is helping an individual and can take a measure of pride in her accomplishments. For a mentor that has already achieved a great deal of success, she can look at the process as a way of "giving back”.
Clutterbuck & Megginson (1999, p.17) describe mentoring as being like ‘standing in front of a mirror with a trusted other, who can help you see things that you do not know how to see, or that have become too familiar for you to notice’. It is a helping relationship between an individual with potential and an individual with expertise. This multi-dimensional relationship is a partnership between those in similar roles, who can support each other. A number of roles of the mentor have been listed by Bolton (2010, p.193): role model, enabler, teacher, encourager, counsellor, befriender, facilitator, coach, confidante, supporter and ‘un-learner’. To be successful roles and responsibilities of those involved need to be clear and they need to be matched to each other and understand expectations of them.
Coaching and mentoring are not about learning to do something the right way, but are about helping to lead an individual to find their own way of doing it practically and efficiently. Coaching and mentoring sessions are guided with theoretical models, which help focus both the coach and the coachee in attaining desired outcomes for problem situations. However, even with the aid of theoretical models not everyone can coach another person. The first and far most important attribute of a coach is the ability to build relationships with the coachee
Watt, L. (2004). Mentoring and coaching in the workplace: an insight into two leading leadership
Coaching and mentoring use the same skills and approach but coaching is short term task-based and mentoring is a longer-term relationship.
but at the same time a coachee will need a push to reach and achieve
A Learning Mentor is a relatively new concept in the field of education and is used within schools to support them in raising standards.
I feel this is the fundamental difference between Coaching on one hand & Mentoring on the other. Coaching has a more structured nature & needs regular planned meetings, (unless engaging in ‘corridor coaching’ which is a different but still an effective & useful approach). Coaching is usually aimed at shorter term development of an individual or in overcoming specific areas of issue. A coach does not always need an in-depth knowledge of the client’s occupation in general coaching practice, however as a Manager / Coach involved in developing
Mentoring for the mentor is about challenging himself to perform to greater capabilities while nurturing a mentee and stretching them to realise their full potential. Mentors counsel, tutor and guide their mentees in developing themselves.
The scope of this assignment is to critically compare and contrast the two approaches, reflecting on the relevance and value of each, to apply this to my organisation where possible and to offer recommendations where appropriate.
One thing I believe is a necessity in growing up is having a mentor. Having a mentor is, not only, beneficial for the mentee but also the mentor. Being a mentor is a learning experience for everyone participating, it helps people grow as a person and friendships are created when a bond if formed. Some people might think it's a waste of time for a child or that it'll never work out for a troubled delinquent but based on the research I've done, I have proven them wrong. Through-out this paper I will provide the pros and cons of mentoring and how they affect both mentor and mentee. To back up my proposal that mentoring is supporting, I will supply examples to answer the question: Is mentoring really important?
Solutions to coaching and mentoring a large UK-based customer facing organisation over a two year period and beyond
Mentorship is very important in the workplace especially in the area of training and development. The mentor-protégé relationship is a much needed relationship that begins in the early career stage and this relationship involves the current or new employees and the supervisor or other colleagues that provide work-related guidance. The relationship itself is comprehensive and involves “educational, occupational, physical, social, and spiritual development” (Greenhaus,, Callanan, & Godshalk, 2010, p 211). One of the initial task of the early career the establishment of the career field which involves the gaining of the workplace competence, learn what is needed to excel in the organization, and to gain acceptance in the workplace to be recognized as the valued employee. There are many ways of achieving the above mentioned advantages in the workplace which one main method is through the use of the mentorship program.
With the development of the more organic and less formal organisational structures the role of mentors has shifted with these changes. Unlike previously where mentors where seen as formal trainers who taught newcomers the processes and got them acquainted with the cultures and the systems within the organisation. Which required good interpersonal skills and a good knowledge of the activity or tasks the mentee would have to undertake, and be able to effectively relay or demonstrate the tasks or activities to the mentee. As opposed to more recently where a mentor would have to be more of an emotional counselor and demonstrate more skills than were traditionally required from