Coaggregation Essay

Collectively, the results for the biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing suggest that the environmental isolate is of the Bacillus species and more specifically, is the bacteria Bacillus cereus. B. cereus are Gram-positive bacillus bacteria that are typically motile species, although some strains are not (BAM 2012, Bergey 1957).

Nurse Ratchet is unable to attend this week’s staff meeting due to other commitments, however I have been ordered to conduct this weeks meeting and continue on as planned.

In the summer of 2005 I had the opportunity to intern at The Franklin Institute Museum in PA. This museum is one of the many well known science museums across the country. The Franklin Institute Museum is a unique museum that gives the experience of exploring science in a fun and fascinating way. The museum touches bases on many areas of science such as, anatomy, physics, environmental sciences, and space. The Franklin Institute is named after Benjamin Franklin and is the home of his national memorial statue. It was founded in 1824 and its first building was established in 1825; since then its location has changed with in the city of Philadelphia but it still remains to be one

The study of two unknown microorganisms was completed by using methods taught in the microbiology laboratory. The basis of the study was identification of those two microorganisms. Identification of the microorganisms is important in many aspects of medicine. Some of these include source of infection, proper treatment, and which antibiotics are effective against the microorganism present.

A series of tests were performed to confirm whether the identity of petri plate #49 was S. aureus, S. epidermidis, or S. saprophyticus.

An interdisciplinary study is a degree plan that allows for students to incorporate different field of studies to construct an academic field they are interested in. Throughout these studies, students are to research in understanding the knowledge of complex problems within their field of studies. Many people outside of these studies conceive that interdisciplinary is not beneficial over a single discipline. In my beliefs, interdisciplinary studies can benefit in how different fields and different approaches can intervene together. When two different fields are combined they can enhance your knowledge by using your skills in; different field approaches, hiring, and give a broader understanding of the full learning concept between two field

The effectiveness of disease treatment is often presented by the challenge of antimicrobial resistance. Cystic Fibrosis (CF) for example, is a pulmonary infection characterized by the poly-microbial growth of bacteria within biofilms, in the pulmonary tract of humans. For children suffering from CF, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) initially colonizes their airways, which with age, becomes replaced by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The eradication of P. aeruginosa by antibiotics fails in 10-40% of CF patients. In the article, it was proven that there existed an interaction between the staphylococcal protein A (SpA) from S. aureus filtrates (SaF, a bacterial supernatant of S. aureus), and an exopolysaccharide (Psl) of P. aeruginosa. This interaction lead to the aggregation and increased resistance to tobramycin¬ – an antibiotic used to eradicate P. aeruginosa, to prevent chronic colonization of the bacteria. The study conducted involved 7 samples of P. aeruginosa that were taken from individuals who underwent successful eradication treatment, and 7 samples from individuals who still had persistent isolates. These P. aeruginosa samples were cultured for 24 hours in media. When SaF was added to the overnight preformed biofilms, the eradicated isolates were not affected by the SaF; however, the persistent isolates showed significant reduction is surface coverage due to densely packed cellular aggregation, without affecting the biomass or viability of persistent isolates. The

In order to conduct the skin microflora lab, the materials that were used were: plates of S.aureus, S.epidermidis and S.pyogenes, a DEMO Mannitol Salt agar (MSA) +/- plate, simple stain reagents, 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), plasma, sterile water and swabs, a Phenylethanol agar (PEA) plate, a sterile inoculating loop, a MSA plate and microscope slides.

The inner part of the nose and the back of the throat of a group member were swabbed in this experiment, in order to see if the bacteria Neisseria or Streptococcus were present in these locations. The features that make it easy to identify these two types of bacteria are that an oxidase test can be done for the Neisseria bacteria and using a blood agar to identify beta hemolytic species of the Streptococcus. Using the agar plates, the colonies were put through a few tests to see if the bacteria grown was the wanted pathogens or not. A prediction that Staphylococcus aureus would not be found in the nose of the group member, because many people do not possess this certain bacteria as a part of their normal microbiota, and that it would be expected to find the bacteria Neisseria and Streptococcus in throat. The throat is exposed to two places of entry, the nose and the mouth. These two openings allow for more bacteria to enter.

1. F. nucleatum is a bridge species that will hook up with anything, including s. cristatus. This coaggregation is beneficial to f.nucleatum as this improves its survival in the presence of oxygen despite being an anaerobe. Additionally, f.nucleatum can bring s. cristatus as it is invading epithelial cells; something s. cristatus cannot do on its own. Another species that cannot survive without coaggregation is p. gingivalis. Demise is imminent in oxygen for p. gingivalis if it does not link up f. nucleatum. Lastly, all bacteria must adhere to one of the primary gram positive strep colonizers or their secondary colonizers such as f. nucleatum to some extent in order to adhere to the pellicle.

Overall, the experiments objective was complete because the unknown bacteria was identified through the steps provided. The hypothesis stated that if the bacteria is gram-positive than

The coagulase-positive staphylococci create the most pathogenic species of S aureus. They are common commensal and opportunistic pathogens while the coagulase-negative staph constitutes S epidermidis. The C-NS are common commensal pathogens of the skin. The clusters emerge because staph is separated in two planes. The structure of the cocci makes it easier to differentiate between the staphylococci and streptococci (Harris et al.2002).

66). The two TSA plates were incubated both aerobically and anaerobically because it displayed how oxygen affected the growth of each organism. Both aerobically and anaerobically incubated plates displayed identical white, convex elevated isolated colonies with entire margins and glossy, convex elevated isolated colonies with entire margins. Therefore, this procedure did not eliminate any of the possible organisms due to the fact that S. aureus, S. epidermis, E. faecalis, E. aerogenes, P. vulgaris, and P. aeruginosa all grow under aerobic and anaerobic

For this essay, I’ve chosen to write about Aconitum (Aconite). Other common names (and/or species) for this plant include (but are not limited to); Monkshood, old wife's hood, helmet flower, soldier's cap, bachnag, bear's foot, and the apt name; brute killer.

Nutrient Broth and Nutrient Agar were used to inoculate bacteria taken from different surfaces. Nutrient agar plate was inoculated with a sample taken from skin surface. A sterile cotton swab was first immersed on sterile water, then, rubbed against the skin with swirling motion and transferred to an agar plate by rubbing