Coagulation And Therapeutic Disorder

Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin used to prevent thrombosis, particularly post surgery. Enoxaparin binds to antithrombin III which is responsible for inhibiting coagulation by acting on factor Xa. Enoxaparin accelerates the activity of antithrombin III therefore preventing clot formation (McKenna & Lim, 2014 p766). When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets in circulating blood stick to the site of injury and release chemicals that attract more platelets causing aggregation. There are both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways causing thrombi to form to maintain a closed cardiovascular system (Hollar, 2017). Immobility increases risk of thrombus formation as the blood becomes stagnant with gravity and decreased

These TPAs are agents used to start hemostasis by converting plasminogen into plasmin, allowing fibrinolysis to occur (Alteplase). Hemostasis starts and it includes three processes combined that work together prevent or control blood loss (Alteplase). These three stages are vascular constriction, formation of the platelet plug and blood coagulation (Grossman, p.g.674). This means that Ronald is not a candidate for this medication since he is experiencing signs and symptoms of hemorrhagic stroke and this drug can make the bleed worsen due to clot dissolving mechanism. It is contraindicated to give a TPA to a patient experiencing an intracranial hemorrhage or active bleeding (Alteplase). Although he may not be able to have a TPA, he would be able to have medications that will try to help decrease his blood pressure and brain

Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent cardiac arrhythmia. There has always associated risk of clot formation and embolization that can lead to ischemic stroke. A large number of these ischemic events could be prevented by timely anticoagulation. Warfarin has been used for decades for this purpose, but there are many problems for the patients due to warfarin therapy like there is continuous need of INR monitoring, many food and drug interactions of the drug, late onset of action and risk of major bleeding. Anticoagulation with the Novel oral anticoagulants e.g. Dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, endoxaban led to similar or even lower rates of ischemic stroke and major bleeding compared to an adjusted dose of warfarin (INR 2-3) in patients

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is an acquired syndrome that occurs when a stimulus pathologically activates intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis resulting in an unbalanced hemostasis (Cunningham, 1999; Huether & McCance, 2008; Wada, 2008). The initiation of DIC starts with the release of tissue factor (TF) by the endothelial cells or white blood cells (WBCs). TF are present on many different cell types including lungs, brain, and placenta. The release of TF is subsequent to a variety of causes including trauma, ischemia, excessive metabolic stress, tumors, infectious organisms, exposure to cytokines and endotoxins (Baglin, 1996; Vinay, Abul, Nelson, & Richard, 2007). The release of endotoxin is the means by which

Your medication Lovenox is the brand name for Enoxaparin, a blood thinning or anticoagulant drug, given to prevent and treat blood clots in a number of clinical situations, but primarily, like in your situation, to treat deep venous thrombosis or DVT. As you might not know, this drug is produced by chemically breaking down heparin (natural compound, which inhibits blood clotting) into smaller molecules, and it works by blocking the actions of Factor X and Factor II, which are two of the twelve clot-promoting proteins in blood.

Warfarin is a prescription medicinal drug used to save you harmful blood clots from forming or developing large. useful blood clots prevent or prevent bleeding, but dangerous blood clots can reason a stroke, coronary heart attack, deep vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism. because warfarin interferes with the formation of blood clots, it's far referred to as an anticoagulant. Many humans check with anticoagulants as “blood thinners”; but, warfarin does now not thin the blood but rather reasons the blood to take longer to form a clot. Warfarin decreases the body’s capability to form blood clots through blocking the formation of diet k–established clotting elements. diet okay is needed to make clotting elements and prevent bleeding. therefore,

Potter Stewart once said,”Ethics is knowing the difference between what you what you have a right to do and what you have a right to do and what is right to do.” In 1934 one of the most profound leader of Germany step up Adolf Hitler. Under Hitler dictatorship people of Germany became strong and their hunger for power and praise of Hitler controlled their minds and thoughts. Throughout, the years many horrific experiments were done such as, the Blood Coagulation Experiments where Each of his subjects was given a tablet and then shot in the neck or chest to test the efficacy of Polygal. Later on, those inmates would have their limbs amputated without any use of anesthesia according to wikipedia. After those experiments were done, many people

Tranexamic acid is anti-fibrinolytic agent which prevents breakdown of fibrin clots. The mechanism of action of the drug is a complex one. The acid initially acts by hindering the binding of plasminogen and plasmin. Tranexamic acid has more potency and efficacy than aminocaproic acid. Tranexamic acid is used in multiple emergency medical conditions. The drug is used in prevention of postoperative bleeding disorders such as hemophilia. The drug proves to very useful in treating conditions such as menorrhagia, epistaxis, angioedema, and surface bleeding from tumors. In conditions such as DIC, tranexamic acid should not be used. The acid should not be used because it works against clots and hence activates

Exclusion criteria for the study included: Patient refusal to consent (absolute), infection in the patients back near the proposed site of the injection, coagulation disorder :-( defined as PT: > 18 sec, PTT: >40 sec, I.N.R: > 1.5, clotting time: >8 min, platelet disorder: platelet count: < 100.000, bleeding time: >4 min, HELLP Syndrome: - (defined as Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelet count), receiving any anticoagulant drugs, preexisting neurological disease or psychic patients, history of cardiac and respiratory system failure, known allergy to local anesthetics drugs, coexisting renal disease and eclamptic patients.

Aspirin: It is an anti-platelet medicine which reduces the risk of clots formation and thus reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. It can be used in several conditions such as unstable angina, AMI, strokes, asthma, gastric ulceration and in ineffective post-angioplast

Antiplatelet therapy is the cornerstone of cardiovascular disease treatment. Clopidogrel in conjunction with aspirin has been shown to decrease cardiovascular mortality, repeat vascular events and stent thrombosis. As with any other antiplatelet agent, the increased risk of bleeding is the most common important complication of concern for physicians and patients alike. However, another important and possibly fatal condition to keep in mind is TTP.

Modern technology has led to extreme advances in all aspects of medicine and the research that goes into making new discoveries. It has especially been useful in developing greater steps for prevention of further injury ranging from simple prophylactic treatments to major invasive surgery. Specifically, anticoagulants have made great strides in their development over the past decade, and have played huge roles in increasing the survival rate of patients and people in and out of the operating room. The longstanding problem however with anticoagulants has been that many have lacked a truly specific reversal agent for their blood clotting actions, which has led to complications in patient’s health and well-being over time. For some time now researchers

Thrombolytic therapy is the use of drugs to break up or dissolve blood clots, which are the main cause of both heart attacks and stroke.

New strategies in anticoagulant therapy are developed over the last years. New anticoagulants are developed and also new indications have been identified for the already existing anticoagulants.

Haemostasis occurs in three stages, vascular platelet phase, activation of coagulation cascade producing a clot and initiation of control mechanisms. Coagulation tests are used measure the functions associated with clotting, which involves drawing blood, chelating out the calcium and beginning the clot in a controlled environment, to discover if an individual has a clotting disorder or a factor deficiency. There are many disorders that cause problems with coagulation for example thrombophilia and haemophilia. (Hillyer 2009)