Coastal Resilience In Schools

There are many areas in Tampa that will be unfortunately underwater. As we saw with the heavy rains in late 2015, the most vital areas such as Westshore Ave, South Tampa, Bayshore Ave, and even Downtown had major flooding causing delays in traffic and safety anxieties. While the flooding only lasted a few days, the event brought attention to the Tampa’s faulty infrastructure and drainage systems. An alarming thought is how Tampa will be able to protect itself from a storm or the rising sea levels if the drainage systems are inadequate. The Tampa Bay area is due for a natural disaster any day now; the coastal area is highly vulnerable. According to Sara Kerr, “One place that we have to look carefully at is Tampa where there is a huge concentration at risk from a storm surge, but there hasn’t been an event for 150 years and so the city is fairly complacent about its risk” (2015). A possible catastrophe can pose as an environmental challenge in Tampa Bay as the highly populous areas will not be able to withstand rising sea levels that will occur.

Coastal Management in Hastings is effective economically, socially, environmentally and is sustainable for the future.

On June 19th, my classmates and I had field trip for Oceanography Lab (OCN 101) class with Professor Ocean Matt Horrigan. We went to Corte Madera Salt Marsh, which is located 12 miles North of San Francisco, to examine how rising and falling of tide effect on

In coastal flooding the coastal areas are flooded due to storm activity at sea. The waves break through coastal defenses and submerge the area.

It is also notable that while this response is clearly evident on the barrier coast, waves and surge show considerably more inundation for the 1990s scenario when compared to that of 1950 along the bay marsh shorelines and farther inland” . The loss of the barrier was directly and indirectly altered by human activities. Within the past 40 years, barrier islands and marshes have drastically diminished along the coast and are projected to continue to do so without a major restoration

Many communities are suffering due to coastal erosion. One example is the village of Cocodrie, LA in Terrebonne Parish. This village’s small population and its 220 residential and commercial buildings are surrounded by marshes. In Cocodrie, there is no barrier against hurricanes. Local marinas play host to recreational and commercial fishing, and The Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium is located in Cocodrie. This facility of around 100,000 square ft houses laboratories, classrooms, and a research center. Infrastructure that will be affected by coastal erosion includes paved highway, dirt roads, a bridge, water supply systems, and natural gas lines. By 2050, Cocodrie will be surrounded by open water as the marshlands around the village give way to rising sea levels. Another community affected by this issue is Yscloskey, LA in St. Bernard Parish. The most important part of the economy here is fishing, and highways link the parish to New Orleans fishing communities. The Yscloskey area lies outside of the protective levees and is quite vulnerable to storms. Though losses in Yscloskey are not predicted to be as great as those in Cocodrie, a 16 percent loss by 2050 leaves the infrastructure of Yscloskey even more vulnerable (Coast 2050, 1998, p. 64-66). Local residents in these areas are watching the land disappear along with the beachfronts and Cyprus swamps that were on that land (Marshall, 2014).

Flooding is one of the many risks that people and their private properties assume when they consider living in a specific geographic location. This is true for the residents of Howard County, as they live near the Chesapeake Bay, whose tributaries branch off into smaller rivers, streams and lakes. Due to the fact that Howard County is more developed in the southeast and more rural in the west, there is a correlation between the risk of flooding and the presence of human development. (any cite here?) Natural factors play an integral role in determining the probability of flooding in a particular section of the county as well. People and their private properties are highly impacted by flooding, as it can cause death and injuries to humans

Reports revealed that by 2080s, the projected flood heights for locations in Connecticut (e.g., Norwalk, Westport, Bridgeport, Greenwich Cove, Shippan Point, Stamford, and Stratford) could range from 11.5 to 13 feet for a Category 1 hurricane, and 14.5 to 15.7 feet for a Category 3 storm (Gornitz et al., 2004). Therefore, rising sea level could account for 18-22% of the increase in flood height (in the high sea-level rise scenario) or 6-8% in the lower case (Gornitz et al., 2004). With the rising sea level, floods generated by storms of this magnitude could approach 18 feet by the 2080s (Gornitz et al., 2004). The increase in the projected flood level cities in Connecticut will be greatly affected such as Bridgeport and New Haven. As an illustration, a significant portion of both Bridgeport and New Haven lies within the high-risk flood zone, and during severe storms this place a large population, private property, and infrastructure at high risk. In New Haven, some infrastructures that are at risk include the New Haven railroad station and track yards, the Tweed-New Haven Airport, ramps to the Connecticut

The changes to the coastline have affected the sustainability of the region. The loss of wetlands and other natural barriers have eliminated protection from higher and faster moving storm surges. New Orleans and other regions of the Louisiana deltaic plane could not be protected without proper account of the tremendous change that occurred to Louisiana's coastal landscape (IPET).

Located at the mouth of the Teign estuary, Teignmouth is one of the most important coastal towns along the English Channel. Such a geographical location of Teignmouth has made itself at the forefront of the powerful sea waves and winds from the ocean and exposed to the risks of flooding and the damages of shoreline erosion due to the long-term hitting of the strong sea waves. In its early history, such coastal protection and defense systems as sea walls had been built and then toppled down by the strong sea wave and wind. The Teignmouth coastal engineering scheme is a series of recent coastal protection efforts to protect Teignmouth from the menace of the flooding and erosion.

The overview of vulnerabilities isn’t fully addressed, the climate change is resulting in significant impacts to Massachusetts coastline and ocean waters. The coast is modestly changing in temperature having an impact on sensitive ecosystems, threatening biodiversity and ecosystem-based economies, based off fisheries, tourism, and recreation. Sea level will impact development, infrastructure and natural systems from erosion and storm damage. Impacts may also include loss of life, extensive property damage, destruction of public infrastructure; releasing of sewage, oil,debris, and other contaminants; and loss of commercial and marine-related businesses critical to local,regional, and state economies. Also, areas such as coastal salt marshes,barrier

With the exposure to the global and local climate change issues, I have analyzed the challenges of climate change in different sectors and the importance of adaptation to develop a resilient community. The research study has been proposed by me based on experienced related to climate change and disaster management. For this I incorporated the knowledge and skills I have gained from various countries by being participated in academic and training programmes for last 14 years. This will help me to continue and gain a recognized research output in my proposed research

I decided to show my date the hurricane risks associated with Key West, Florida. Key West is at a very high risk for hurricane damage because of its low elevation and its proximity to the sea. I did some research and discovered that approximately 90% of Key West is only five feet above sea level. For this reason storm surges, flooding, and erosion could cause considerable damage to most of the city. The issue regarding how to protect the city from these problems is of much debate. On google earth I could identify sea walls that prevent sea water from flooding the city. Sea walls and storm management systems are perhaps Key West’s main form of mitigation. However, as we have learned in the flooding unit, if the water is high enough no manmade drainage system will prevent flooding. A risky feature that we could identify was how flat Key West is. If

Coastal Resilience is the act of building the ability of a community to bounce back and rebuild itself after hazardous events such as hurricanes, earthquakes and flooding. A community more informed and prepared will have a greater opportunity to rebound quickly from weather and climate-related events, including adapting to sea level rise. According to the City of Norfolk website, Norfolk is coming up with a plan called the Norfolk Flooding Strategy which is an integrative process of planning, mitigating, and communicating to reduce flood dangers. Norfolk is extremely susceptible to flooding because the tidewater area is extremely below sea level. Scientists project that within the next 80 years , the sea level in Norfolk will rise another

As the Marxist approach puts it, “underlying states of human marginalisation are conceived as the principle cause of disaster.” (Pelling, 2001, p. 179). This resource exclusion to particular categories of people within society creates their vulnerability to risk, and in turn disaster. McLaughlin and Dietz (2007) suggest there are three dimensions that make up vulnerability including exposure, sensitivity and resilience. An example displaying the vulnerability of lower classed social categories is in North Bihar, India, where floods have been managed through engineering works to create embankments. While the Government appears to be reducing the hazard, this has increased the vulnerability of the local people. Soil fertility has decreased reducing agricultural success, dangerous flash floods are occurring due to embankment walls collapsing and communities have settled on apparently safe embankments and are now highly exposed (Pelling, 2001). The natural flood hazard was dangerous, but these works by society have created a natural disaster (Pelling, 2001). Power inequalities have created this disastrous situation where lower classes are at high exposure to floods due to profit hungry management bodies. This technological approach is clearly failing but the Government and other managing groups make large profits off flood engineering works and have the power to decide how to control the issue (Pelling, 2001). This has resulted in creating