Cocaine Research Paper

During 1984 through 1994, 10 years into The Crack Epidemic, the homicide rate of African American males aged 14-17 doubled. Along with an increase of African American children in foster care, fetal death rates and weapon arrests. Roles lost in families and the community. Health and lifestyle of the African American communities depleting due to the powerful affects of crack cocaine. The African American community has been significantly affected by The Crack Epidemic in the areas of health and culture as a result of where the source of crack cocaine introduced itself in America, laws surrounding crack cocaine and the perception of the drug.

Cocaine’s mode of action has been shown to involve the dopamine receptors. This paper will discuss how cocaine affects dopamine receptors, the mode of addiction, how cocaine affects the frontal brain metabolic activities, as well as the role of excitatory amino acids in cocaine’s mechanism. I will also discuss how cocaine affects another system through its mechanism on the brain—the renin angiotensin system.

The purpose of this research paper is to inform my audience of three primary sections based on biological aspect of the addictive substance cocaine, and its addictive properties. This will include the primary effects on the brain and other organs in the human body. The second section will confer, clinical issues along with medical treatment, future directions of treatment. The third section biological aspects of the addictive substance from a biblical perspective will be discussed. Some areas of interest include freedom and caution for Christian counselor’s based on the addictive substance used.

Crack cocaine, aka benzoylmethylecgonine, is one of the most addicting and deadly drugs. It has many negative effects on the body, especially the nervous system. The effects on the user are usually long-lasting and irreversible. It is classified as a stimulant drug, meaning that it excites any bodily function. Stimulants usually target more of the brain and nervous system, which can cause higher alertness, an elevated mood, wakefulness, increased speech and motor activity and a decrease in appetite. Crack cocaine has many nicknames, which includes crack, snow coke, nose candy, and stardust. Crack cocaine can be used in various ways, for example it could be snorted with its original white powder, smoked, or injected directly into the bloodstream. It is mainly snorted so it can be absorbed fast by the nasal tissues. When people smoke crack, it gets inhaled into the lungs, just as quick as getting it injected directly into your vein. The main

During the late 1980s, crack cocaine use was deemed an epidemic. The media was filled with segments on what crack was and how terrible it was for someone to use. Even President George H.W. Bush delivered a presidential address on the issue stating “it’s [crack] as innocent looking as candy, but it’s turning our cities into battle zones and it’s murdering our children” (Bracy, 2015). The image of a “crackhead” was painted in the minds of Americans and that image, unfortunately, was of young African Americans in low income areas smoking crack in dark allies. It was not representative of the whole population of men and women who actually use crack; which is mostly white. However, it is the image that is still associated with crack cocaine use

The stimulant properties in cocaine make it attractive as an antidepressant. Cocaine causes an individual to feel euphoria, enhances strength, and can mask fatigue. These intense contented feelings can cause an abuser to go on binges. Very rarely are cocaine abusers addicted to only cocaine. Other drugs such as marijuana and alcohol are used to combat the unpleasant effects of cocaine once the “high” wears off. The symptoms of the disorder interact with each other increasing the symptoms of all of the disorders.

Crack cocaine is a highly addictive crystal form of cocaine that comes in solid bocks or sometimes crystals in varying colors from light pink or white to yellow and is the most powerful form of cocaine. It is less expensive than regular cocaine, allowing younger people with less money to access it, and users can become addicted to it after just one usage. Cocaine is made of coca leaves that were first used three thousand years ago, and crack cocaine (crystal form) was first developed in the 1970’s and became popular in the 1980’s. On the streets, crack cocaine is also known as chemical, crack, French fries, gravel, hard rock, hotcakes, paste, rocks snow coke, tornado, and electric kool-aid. It is usually available as rocks that vary in

Since the individual is not experiencing any sickness, pain, or other outward physical discomfort I would suggest that this individual may have been consuming cocaine, marijuana, or is an alcoholic.

Stimulant drugs rev up the central nervous system by increasing heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure. Thus, someone who abuses stimulants will experience enhanced positive emotional reactions and a minimized level of negaitve emotional reactions, as well as alertness. Someone who abuses nicotine, a stimulant, will experiecne relaxation and alertness due to the way in which nicotine activates receptors sensitive to the neurotransimitter acetylcholine. Someone who abusues the stimulant cocaine will experience euphoria, enhanced mental and physical capabilities, stimulation, a decrease in hunger, indifference to pain, and diminished fatigue. Crack cocaine will generate intense euphoria, but will follow with unpleasant feelings. Stimulants

Heroin is a drug that has taken over the western world in recent years. Considered to be one of the most dangerous drugs, heroin has taken the lives of hundreds of thousands of people. A highly addictive drug, heroin has swept the nation and has achieved epidemic status. An opiate, heroin is used as a painkiller and is known for its euphoric effects. There are many dangers that come with the abuse of heroin such as death but there are even more serious issues that can arise from the drug.

Cocaine abuse has been a persistent health problem worldwide for many years (Platt, 2002). Adults aged 18 to 25 year have a higher rate of current cocaine use than any other age group, with 1.5 percent of young adults reporting past month cocaine use (The Science of Drug Abuse & Addiction , 2013). Every drug has a history as to how it came about, also, as to why it is used and or abused among adults. Each drug has its own chemical make-up, along with how that drug works in the human body. Treatment of cocaine addiction must be comprehensive, and strategies need to assess the neurobiological, social, and medical aspects of the patient’s drug abuse (The Science of Drug Abuse & Addiction , 2013). Due to the treatment intensity, how willing one

Cocaine is a drug made from the leaves of a coca plant that is native to South America- most commonly Colombia. While Cocaine can be legally used for medical purposes such as anesthesia, it is often found as an illegal drug on the streets. On the streets, cocaine can be found as a crystal-white powder. Street dealers will often mix cornstarch, talcum powder, flour, and other drugs or stimulants such as amphetamine with the cocaine in order to make greater profits. It is common for cocaine to be called other names on streets such as: blow, coke, crack, rock, or snow.

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Cocaine causes your brain to release Dopamine. This chemical is what your brain releases as a rewarder. It creates a good feeling and then is recycled into the cells. Cocaine prevents the recycle effect so you build up excessive amounts. Short term

Drugs of abuse, such as cocaine, ecstasy, heroin and cannabis, are of natural or synthetic origin, which can alter the emotional state, perception, body functioning and behaviour of an individual. Drugs are known to work in the brain by activating certain brain circuits via different mechanisms, and stimulate or inhibit different neurons in the pathway. However, due to the effects of each drug being different, a drug will affect either different pathways and neurons in the brain to that of another, or through a different process, i.e. direct or indirect activity. This essay will discuss the different mechanisms of action that cocaine, ecstasy, heroin and