Codes Of The Professional Behavior Of Physicians And Pharmacists

Many medication errors comes from miscommunication between the physicians, pharmacists, and the nurses. As nurses, we should eliminate these barriers of communication and always verify drug information, and also communicate among team members. The most effective way to promote communication among our colleagues at work is to use the “SBAR” method which means situation, background, assessment, and recommendations. I read a journal at American Nurses Association website about a patient who died because of poor communication among team members. A patient died after labetalol, hydrala¬zine, and extended-release nifedipine were crushed and given by NG tube. Crushing extended-release drugs allows the entire dosage to be absorption immediately. As

The twenty-first century has seen pharmaceutical companies grow in unprecedented size and strength. Due to the unprecedented growth the larger pharmaceutical companies have gained leverage and power in the prescription drug industry, but they lack innovation to market and they seek ways to help the business continue to increase its profits. The pharmaceutical industry was once ethically sound and was a valuable player in the development of human health. However, overtime with the lack of innovation pharmaceutical companies are becoming an unethical market that exploits patients, doctors and anyone else it can to increase its profitability. With eyes only on profitability this can create a hazard for patients because there

I think this particular ethical dilemma encompasses three of the APhA Code of Ethics principles. The principles involved are as follows: “pharmacist promotes the good of every patient in a caring, compassionate, and confidential manner”, second “pharmacist acts with honesty and

My experience at CVS/Pharmacy is a thorough illustration of the integration of ethics, technology and management. Since the time of Hippocrates, ethics have been at the forefront of importance in the healthcare field with pharmaceuticals bearing no exception. As members of the healthcare team, pharmacy staff have an ethical responsibility to ensure the safety of their patients; thus there is a need to make sure drug and other health information regarding the patient is accurate. Providing the wrong drug or drug dosage and issues of drug-drug interactions are just some of the very serious concerns associated with pharmaceuticals. Another ethical issue that is often related to the healthcare industry is privacy.

Preamble: Pharmacists must commit to the well-being of their patients. Patients have the right to receive the best health care possible, and I, as a pharmacist shall make this the top priority. Disclosed in this letter, are the code of ethics that will govern pharmacists to practice in the interests of their patients.

Big Pharma has not had much say whether or not their ethics code would change. The pharmaceutical industry is getting a major overhaul of their sales and marketing strategies. The International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers &Associations (IFPMA), started their changes by adding into their code of ethics and by vowing to publicize all names of companies that wrongfully market their products. According to an article in Medicine, Health Care, and Philosophy, Badcott (2013) states, “Under the international group's newly revised code of ethics, pharmaceutical representatives cannot lavish expensive gifts on doctors to influence prescribing practices. Still permitted are lesser gifts such as pens or stethescopes.” In order for a code of ethics to be effective there must be repercussions when the rules are broken. This seems to be the main issue that Big Pharma is having trouble with. They made the change in policy, but who is enforcing it? An ethical code is not useful if they are not effectively implemented and communicated. Badcott (2014) goes on to say, “While PhRMA has no rule to punish violators, the IFPMA pledges to immediately post information about incidents-including the name of the company involved-on its Web site.” While public shaming is a step in the right direction for holding the industry accountable, is it enough to make a difference? The reaction of the industry to stakeholder concerns is what will have the greatest

Health care ethics is not only limited to factors that directly give rise to ethical issues such as not respecting a patient’s autonomy, and the beliefs and values of persons directly affected by decisions on the treatment of a patient. Ethical dilemmas are also posed by factors considered as indirect yet, very influential on health care ethics and can bring about a major ethical challenge. These indirect factors are considered to be external factors that influence health care ethics. These external factors can emanate from a sector such as the economy within which, is a great influence from market forces such as

There are well-known philosophers that have contributed to the debate of what ethics truly is. Three of those philosophers were Kant, Mill, and Locke. They had three very distinct views of what defines ethics. Kant’s moral theory was deontology. With this belief, it is said that what is morally right is determined by the motives of the one that is committing the action. It also states that if it is someone’s duty to act in a certain way, then it is morally correct. Kant introduced the moral law called the categorical imperative. The categorical imperative is based on the idea that morals are derived from rationality of a person. According to Kant, there are three maxims universality, which states an action is considered acceptable if everyone else does it all of the time; no one should manipulate others to attain the goals of someone else, which means you should not lie; and you should act as the moral power of the universe.

The Code of Ethics furnishes a definitive model of conduct. The standard of conduct is entrenched in associations, affiliations, confidentiality, and commitment with health care professionals. The Code of Ethics for healthcare quality professionals is dedicated to routine enhancement and preserving integrity by identifying individual accountability and ethical obligation to patients, medical providers, employees, health care organizations, and the community (Oddo, 2011). Ethics are not voluntary in the health care field. They are a vital and central part of medicine. Ethical codes form and assemble moral atmosphere and allotting the ethical accountability and

In this paper, I will cover ethical issues within the pharmaceutical industry, present opinion on Direct-to-Consumer marketing by drug companies, determine the parties responsible for regulation of compounding pharmacies, PharmaCARE used U.S. law to protect its own intellectual property, summarize at least one current example of intellectual property theft, analyze the potential issues surrounding the death of John’s wife, and lastly present major arguments that John can claim as a whistleblower.

In A Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals, Immanual Kant, unlike David Hume, aimed to establish an absolute system of morality based upon reason. Kant’s conceptions regarding what is moral and how someone should behave ethically, are often seen as contradictions to those proposed by Hume, who holds an empirical stance. As mentioned, Kant emphasizes the necessity of basing morality on a priori principles; he puts faith in the power of human rationality and believed that reason alone, not feeling, is a key to advancing human morality. An ethical system based upon reason would provide the framework for moral principles acceptable to all. Kant’s fundamental moral principle, the categorical imperative, tells one how to act regardless of what end or goal is desired, which correlates with his idea that people must be treated as ends and not as means. He also disapproves the action of lying and deems it to be morally wrong, as it corrupts one’s ability to make autonomous, rational decisions. While some may argue that Kant’s system of morality is flawed, Kant’s theories do prove to be convincing, even more so than his predecessor David Hume; Kant’s conceptions of what is moral and how someone should behave ethically are somewhat idealistic, however, his ideas should act as a model in which humans strive towards.

Ethical Codes are in use today by many organizations to clearly establish their values and provide a procedure if a code violation occurs. Medical ethics began as a professional code for physicians and has now expanded and includes a variety of health care professions and health care organizations. The growth of medical knowledge and technology have grown so have the concerns that ethical standards and issues facing our society today may be compromised or not appropriately addressed (Littleton et al., 2010).

German philosopher Kant was first to introduce the Kantian ethics; hence, the named after him. According to Professor Elizabeth Anscombe, Immanuel Kant was Unitarianism’s rival; he believed actions that are taboo should be completely prohibited at all times. For instance, murder should be prohibited. Even though nowadays a person cannot be punished if death is involved as a self defense, from Kant’s perspective this is still prohibited, although sometimes these actions bring more happiness to the big majority of people than sorrow. Kant stated that before acting, one should ask his/her self: am I acting rationally and in a way that everyone will act as I purpose to act? Is my action going to respect the moral law or just my own purpose? If the answer to those questions is a no, the action must be abandoned. Kant’s theory is an example of the deontological theory that was developed in the age of enlightenment. According to Elizabeth, these theories say that “the rightness or wrongness of actions does not depend on their consequences but on whether they fulfill our duty.”( Anscombe, 2001) Kant said that morality is built based on what he called “Hypothetical Imperatives”, but rather principles called “Categorical Imperatives” he referred to it as the supreme principle of morality. (Texas A&M University, n.d.) Cavico and Mujtaba reported on their book that Kant stated that morality

Kantian ethics emphasizes on two conditions for an action to be morally good. The first, that an action only has moral worth if it is done for the sake of duty. The second is that an action is considered right if its maxim can be willed as a universal law. Kantian ethics then is working on the basis of duty and universality. In failing to recognize the multiple aspects of morality, Kantian ethics shows inadequacy as a moral theory. (Hinman, 2008)

PharmaCARE Company is one of the leading world pharmaceutical companies, that enjoy an honest name of a caring and well-run company and that act ethically toward its stakeholders. It provides with the high-quality products and saves people’s lives increasing its quality. However, the case with the African nation of Colberia, where the PharmaCARE holds its big manufacturing object, raise community fears as for the unethical attitude toward the indigenous population of this land. The following paper will illustrate the main unethical considerations of the Company, will describe the key characteristics of its stakeholders, and will illustrate the human rights issues presented by PharmaCARE 's treatment. The paper will also suggest the changes that PharmaCARE can perform to be more ethical. The key characteristics of the stakeholders within the PharmaCARE PharmaCARE follows the open-door policy and culture among its employees. It stands for the employment equity and promotes the development and progress of its people. The company conducts workshops and training sessions to create its employees’ awareness of and ensures with the training of new processes and new technology that it establishes. It often presents health care staff with the challenging issues to ensure the staff to be aware of new medication nutritional care, some potential side effects or interactions. The Company provides educational programs for all staff members to enhance their professionalizm. The pharmacists