Coding Theory, Its Components And Its Practical Applications

I love coding in my free time and I do truly believe that I flourish when I find myself coding. The limits of what you can do with coding are next to non-existent, and the idea of a platform with infinite possibilities engrosses me and leads to me to work as efficiently as possible towards the end goal of creating a product in which I see infinite possibilities. On top of that, another possible contributing reason for why I think coding may allow me to flourish is that with the infinite possibilities (as I stated before) comes curiosity, a curiosity that has no conclusion. The feeling of curiosity I feel as I code has a cause and effect relationship with me in that it turns me onto new methods of coding or new languages of coding which then

The book states that there are three rules that coding methods should adhere to. When it comes to coding and decoding, a coding method needs to be followed by everyone properly. Users must be able to store, send, and retrieve code using the coding method. The coding method must be able to follow the goals of computer data representation which are compactness and range, accuracy, ease of manipulation, and standardization.

The code assigned letters in the alphabet and numbers a set of dots (short marks) and dashes (long marks) based on the frequency of use. The code used the English alphabet but they would make the more frequently used letters into the less complex dots and dashes, such as E or A. While the Less frequently used letters such as D or Z got a lot more complex code of dots and dashes. Initially, the code, when transmitted over the telegraph system, was rendered as marks on a piece of paper that the telegraph operator would then translate back into English. Rather quickly. But then the operators became so good at translating the messages that they could just understand the messages just from clicking of the code from

CPT coding is to make sure the patient is getting billed for the correct services that was rendered. The Tabular list is a compilation of codes divided in different categories: Category I, II, III. Category I is the basis of CPT codes. Category II is used for tracing information. Category III is short term codes for collection of services rendered and procedures. There are 15 appendices that are used as guides. Modifiers help report situations. Locating codes are done by finding the main term. Assess information provided such as notes and terms. Locate the code. Guidelines are presented in the front of the sections. Special instructions help point out rules on how to use codes. Instructional notes are located in parentheses

The block diagram of decoding process for a t-error correcting BCH code is illustrate in figure 1. For further information on BCH codes, we orientate readers towards references [21, 22].

Message is understood- if you have communicated clearly. The other person concentrates. There are no barriers and the other person shows understanding by nodding.

Once a code talker was given a message in English, he had to translate into one of the two codes and send them to another code talker. After the second code talker received the message, it was written down in English and entered into message log book. Sometimes the messages were shared locally; other times, they were broadcast over a large area that could easily be intercepted. Being able to maintain secrecy in communication could affect winning or losing battle and protecting or losing individual lives.

Barthes argues for the Rhetoric of the Image that all these images are polysemous. Based on their signifiers, they imply that a floating chain of signifies are present and the reader must choose some and ignore the rest (1977, p.32-55). Polysemic codes are present within the initiation of the narrative structure and the morning routine of man is shown through a paradigm of signs. The signifier syntagmatic relations state the coded message interpretation. Malicious belligerent connotations and own denotation is presented by signifiers which brings forward various signified for the audience and construal based discernment notion.

Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams may arrive in a seemingly random order of chunks that the receiving IP entity must continuously collect until it can reconstruct the original datagram. Consider that the receiving IP entity possesses a buffer for assembling the original datagram's data field. The buffer will comprise of chunks of data and "holes" between them corresponding to data not yet received.

According to Saldana (2016), coding in qualitative analysis frequently refers to a word or a passage of text that symbolically attributes essence- capturing, salient, summative, and / or evocative attribute for a passage of text or visual information (p. 4).

During the late 1970s, Hall produced at least two papers on the COMS paradigm he called "encoding/decoding," in which he builds on the work of Roland Barthes. What follows is a synthesis of two of these papers, offered in the interest of capturing the nuances he gave his presentations. The numbers in brackets identify the two papers (the bibliographic details are provided at the end).

However, according to Shannon himself, what really launched him into the theorization of information was Ralph Hartley’s paper Transmission of Information. This paper developed “a measure of information that could in principle be used for discrete or continuous signals.” Hartley’s publication also proved that a channel’s bandwidth defines how much information can be sent through it. Since a channel’s bandwidth was limited and since continuous signals could be broken down in small steps before being sent through the channel, Hartley concluded that if the steps were small enough, the approximated signal would be not only close but identical to the original signal. Finally, Hartley realized that information could be the “resolving of uncertainty.” He developed a mathematical formula according to this concept to quantify the amount of information in a message but unfortunately, this formula was not complex enough and could not be applied to cases in which the constituents of a message did not have all the same chances of being selected. Indeed, “in written English for instance, some letters are used more frequently than others.” Hartley’s formula would not work when trying to encode sentences for example because he couldn’t model the fact that the letter E had more chances to be selected than any other.

During the 20th century the study of electronic technology was at an all-time high and significant to the development of the world. Society was just beginning to understand how vital computing technology was and how much of an influence it could have on the lives of humanity. Efficiently transmitting information electronically in a quantitative form became vital and there are few who contributed more than Claude Shannon in the development in this technology. However, to be able to understand the significance of Claude Shannon’s contributions to society we first have to look into his life. Claude Shannon was fascinated with technology mainly because he was inspired by Thomas Edison. When he was a young boy he built devices such as remote control boats and telegraph systems (Gallager). He graduated from the University of Michigan with two bachelor degrees in mathematics and electrical engineering later attending graduate school at MIT (Gallager). This is where he worked on an early analog computer and wrote his master’s thesis, which later influenced his award winning paper, “A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits” (Gallager). This contribution led him to join Bell Labs that worked on fire control systems and cryptography during World War II for the National Defense Organization. He devoted the rest of his life to researching communication and information theory and because of his efforts he was named the father of information technology by his peers.

Satellite sensors send bits of binary data to ground stations on Earth for processing into useful meteorological and environmental information enabling enhanced decision making capabilities. Thereby, preventing injuries and fatalities, preserving assets, and reducing time delays. Binary data are comprised of zeroes and ones. One bit contains either a “0” or a “1”. A single bit, in and of itself, does not have a lot of value until it is used. The same is true of information. Information does not have value until it is utilized.

The first turbo code, based on convolutional encoding, was introduced in 1993 by Berrou etal. Since then, several schemes have been proposed and the term “turbo codes” has been generalized to cover block codes as well as convolutional codes. Simply put, a turbo code is formed from the parallel concatenation of two codes separated by an interleaver. The turbo principle is a general way of processing data in receivers so that no information is wasted. This technique corresponds to an iterative exchange of soft information between different blocks in a communications receiver in order to improve overall system performance. It has opened up a new way of thinking in the construction of communication algorithms. This method was introduced in a system of error control for data transmission, called turbo code. This family of Forward Error Codes (FEC) consists of two key design innovations: concatenated encoding and iterative decoding.