Cognitive Approach Vs Cognitive Psychology

One of the strengths of this approach is that it looks at thought processes which are ignored by other psychologists. Such processes are memory, attention and perception and have been studied to have an effect on behavior.

In terms of human behaviour, psychology provides alternative perspectives, known as approaches, which give explanation to human behaviours. What makes each approach unique is that they all have their own focal points for how to explain behaviour. For example, the biological approach looks to the evolutionary processes and gene mutations/hormone levels, whilst the cognitive approach looks at how behaviour is influenced

Cognitive Psychology draws the comparison between the human mind and a computer, suggesting that we like the computer process the information we acquire from around us and then react accordingly. Hearnshaw, (1987), claims that Cognitive Psychology is both one of the oldest and also one of the newest parts of Psychology, cited in ?T. Malim?, (1994). Information is collected through our senses i.e. vision, touch, smell etc and then processed through our

The Behaviorist and Cognitive Approaches to Psychology In this essay I am going to explore two of the major approaches to Psychology, Cognitive theories and Behaviorist theories. I will discuss in some detail the two approaches, state how they compare and illustrate the similarities and the differences between them. John Watson, one of the founders of Behaviorism, based his theories on the principles of learning outlined by Pavlov who suggested the theory known as Classical Conditioning; he trained dogs to salivate whenever he rang a bell. Dogs have a natural reflex response to salivate when they see food, Pavlov rang a bell when the dogs were given food and after several repetitions of this

The cognitive approach involves neuroscience, philosophy and psychology, being useful because instead of just measuring external behaviours (a method employed by behaviourists), it measures internal states like memory and mental processes, but it does this more accurately because of the scientific methods used, than something like psychoanalysis. The cognitive approach is more reliable than, for example, structuralism because it applies scientific research methods, making it more reliable. Other methods can be very subjective, and the methods of measuring them inaccurate. However, since the cognitive approach uses mainly

The cognitive and biological perspective, studies how the brain influence people’s behavior. To differentiate the two, we must look at which function the brain is being studied. The biological perspective looks at physiological responses from a biological standpoint, factors such as genes and neurotransmitters. The cognitive perspective examines, how information is being

The cognitive theory also believes in learning from prior experiences. They believe prior experiences, knowledge, and expectations are key to learning (Learnativity, 2002). The cognitive theory has a great way of thinking. Many self-help books have been written on the cognitive point-of-view. They believe that by changing our thoughts we can change our mood, decrease our anxiety, or improve our relationships. By thinking more positively we can easily quit smoking, make more friends, enjoy our job, pretty much do anything we set our mind to. Their basic premise is, if we perceive the glass as half full rather than half empty, the world will look much brighter. And in a

The cognitive approach is the theory in which the viewpoint pays attention towards the way people learn such as think, speak, and remember and resolve problem. This standpoint goes against the behaviourist approach in a few ways for example the cognitive approach takes into account the inner mental positions unlike the behaviourism approach. A few examples of the mental positions are desire, ideas, motivation and

The difference is that the behaviorist approach declines completely to recognize any kind of inner processing. Instead it reasons that we perform in an almost robotic like manner after being conditioned to respond to incitements in a particular way. our behavior is very strongly influenced by our cognitive processes. The cognitive approach sees our behavior as the result of internal states and changes.

1). Cognitive research is often labeled in literature as thinking, reasoning, perceiving, problem-solving, critical thinking, conflict resolution, moral reasoning, decision-making, perception and abstraction (p. 2). Cognitive-based strategies are considered therapeutic rather than educational.

The concept of personality is extensive and complex, but psychologists have tried to describe the nature of personality using different perspectives. Some of the perspectives are founded on empirical studies while others are based on clinical case studies or theories. Some common aspects of personality include psychodynamic, trait approach, cognitive, genetic, and learning approach. The cognitive approach emphasizes how our behavior is influenced by how we process, mentally represent, and store information. Psychologists who take the cognitive approach suggests that mental processes can help us understand several kinds of social and individual behaviors, from problem solving, to decision making, to intelligence and interpersonal attraction. According to Bernstein, (2011), a cognitive perspective on a person inherently describes meanings that are created by the individual, and these meanings are usually constructed out of cognitions on the environment. Personality psychologists taking a cognitive approach to a person, typically study the processes arising from behaviors and effects.

This essay will be focused on two different approaches to cognitive psychology: Cognitive Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience. Cognitive Neuropsychology is concerned with the patterns of cognitive performance and emphasis on the cognitive effects of brain-damaged patients who suffered lesions, injuries or diseases, providing vest information on normal human cognition. (Eysenck and Keane 2015, p.5) Whereas cognitive neuroscience involves in-depth study of our brain and behaviours. As the brain contains numerous neurones and is so complicated, the cognitive neuroscience emphasis on the biological side of the brain and focuses on the lobes that are divided from the cerebral cortex.

Cognitive psychology began emerging in the 1950’s. As highlighted by Kraiger and Salas (1993), this was partially as a response to behaviorism. Critics noted that behaviorism failed to explain how some internal development processes impacted behavior. Cognitive psychology focuses on how individuals acquire process and in the long run store information. Currently, cognitive psychology concentrates on few key human characteristics which include:

“Cognitive psychology is a modern approach to the study of [processes by which people come to understand the world- such processes as memory, learning, comprehending language, problem solving, and creativity. Cognitive psychology has been influenced by developments in language, computer science, and of course, earlier work in philosophy and psychology” – Hayes (cited by Lundin)

The attribution theory is largely derived from Psychology and is usually situated in a post-positive paradigm. The goal of the theory is to find patterns and make generalizations of certain phenomena in different situations. Fritz Heider is known as the creator of the attribution theory and believed that people act as “naïve scientists” when trying to understand the world around them (Spitzberg & Manusov, 2015, p. 37). Even though some novelty in relationships is good according to the original version of the Relational Dialectics Theory, most people do not like things that largely differ from the expected action or outcome. When things are very important or unexpected to people, they tend to look for reasons why and how those things happened (Spitzberg & Manusov, 2015, p. 38).