Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an insight-focused therapy that emphasizes the here-and-now. It is typically brief and time-limited, collaborative in nature, fairly structured and empirically based (Freeman, Felgoise, Nezu, Nezu, & Reinecke, 2005). Aaron Beck is a major name that arises when discussing the origins of CBT. Beck (1970) contends that individual perceptions of events shape feelings and behaviors. This theory places emphasis on the concept of automatic thoughts. Automatic thoughts are linked to the client’s core beliefs about self and worldview. When a client’s automatic thoughts are maladaptive, it can often be traced to irrational core beliefs; this in turn elicits emotional and behavioral difficulty. In other words, this phenomenon describes what Beck termed “cognitive distortions” which are unrealistic negative thoughts and beliefs that influence perception of events, feelings, and reactions (Beck, 1970).

Some people say that because CBT doesn’t always cure depression or because it doesn’t make an, “unpleasant situation go away” that CBT isn’t effective to recovering from depression (Mayo Clinic Staff 6). While this is true, The Mayo Clinic Staff continues on and says, “But it can give you the power to cope with your situation in a healthy way and to feel better about yourself and your life” (6). Not one treatment can get rid of someone’s depression completely, all it can do is help by reducing depressive symptoms.

Traumatic events can potentially turn into a threat to one’s life and make detrimentally impact in a number of ways if they are ignored or untreated. Traumatic-related symptoms are mostly affected by physical and sexual abuse, rape, childhood neglect. A research in 2012, (Black, Woodworth, Tremblay) studied if implementing therapies to youth exposed to trauma will facilitate a reduction of negative trauma-related symptoms.

This study was conducted by Linda Seymour and Bob Grove in 2005 and both recommends CBT as the treatment of choice for helping people with common mental health issues to be able to function in the workplace and to be able to make an effective adjustment to health and productivity, (Smith, 2006).

Despite its common clinical use, long-term trials that have been conducted to examine the efficacy of CBT are limited and often lack appropriate comparison (Watkins et al., 2012). Though it is evidently an effective treatment for Depression and AD, it reaches only a fraction of those who might benefit. Yet, guidelines endorse psychotherapeutic practices such as CBT, as a first-line treatment for outpatients, and surveys of people with this co-occurring disorder have found that 50%–60% prefer psychotherapy for initial treatment (Swendsen, 2000).

The rise in popularity of cognitive behaviourism continues today; it forms the basis of the most dominant and well-research formed of psychotherapy available today: Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy, (CBT). CBT is a therapy that helps you manage your problems by changing the way you think and behave. It is based on the perception that your thoughts, feelings, physical sensations and actions are interconnected, and that negative thoughts and feelings can trap you in a vicious cycle. CBT aims to help you crack this cycle by breaking down overwhelming problems into smaller parts and showing you how to change these negative patterns to improve the way you feel. CBT deals with your current problems,

“CBT for depression is one of the best researched treatments in all medicine” (Sudak, 2012). Sudak focused her research of studying the benefits of treating depression using CBT. Not all clients respond to medications for their symptoms, that is why it is important to incorporate psychotherapy into treatment. When using CBT, treatment is more durable than with medications alone. Sudak found a 50% reduction in relapse rates as compared to medication in clients who received CBT alone. Overall, there is a 61% chance of complete recovery when implementing CBT during treatment.

The next study I found with CBT and how effective it is with its intervention comes from the article of Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions With Older Adults: Intergrading Clinical and Gerontological Research. What was found was, “Bech and Ellis argument that emotional distress is unrealistic or irrational may not be acceptable to persons facing such real problems. However, the cognitive-behavioral approach can be seen as optimistic in arguing that some improvement in depressed mood is virtually always possible” (Satre, Knight, & David 2006 p. 495). The study also found that, “Experience suggests both that older clients may have much to be unhappy about that they may be more unhappy than is necessary because they catastrophize negative events, or overgeneralized the causes or effects of bad events” (Satre, Knight, & David 2006 p. 495). It was found in the end that older adults facing many problems, CBT might need to change and concentrate on the short term-interventions. I wanted to add that research on CBT has found to that, with CBT there has been results showing there are major improvement of treatments by the end of a certain amount of sessions. With this said, “Unless the patient is participating in an outcome study, the amount of time that the patient spends in therapy is dependent on the nature of the problems being, confronted, the level of motivation, that patient’s availability for session’s, and the number of presenting life issues” (Dattilio &Freeman

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), defined as: a popular therapeutic approach that has been applied to a variety problems. (Hofmann.S, 2012). According to Meta analysis assessors, the efficacy of CBT authorized for adults and children and support to apply of many problems, such as: anxiety disorders, somatoform, bulimia and depression. (Hofmann.S, 2012).

Currently the most effective and well-documented psychotherapy treatment option available for clients diagnosed with major depression is CBT. It’s widely used to treat depression across all ages and works to change thoughts and behaviours that are likely to cause depression. Chambless and Ollendick’s (2001) meta-analysis of empirically supported treatments identified CBT as an efficacious treatment which is the standard first-line treatment options for depressed

Despite the high effectiveness of CBT, different cases manifest in different forms. Additionally, different clients or patients will have different levels of manifestation. As a result, the therapist is tasked with the responsibility of evaluating the level of the problem before deciding on the method to use. It follows that depending on the level of the problem the therapist will decide what course of action for the best treatment.

CBT is evidence based and uses empirically validated interventions while employing a variety of behavior modification therapies.

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CBT is a short-term goal- oriented psychotherapy treatment that uses a hands-on method to help people solve a variety of troubling issues, such as, insomnia, eating disorders, drug abuse, and depression to name a few. CBT objective is to re-arrange the way a person thinks/ behaves by redirecting the debilitating thought process to enable them to cope with a specific problem. This is done through structured therapy sessions that change a person’s attitude, beliefs and thoughts about their difficulty.

CBT has been extensively tested since the first outcome study was published in 1977 (Rush, Beck, Kovacs & Hollon,1977 as cited in Beck, J.S. 2011, p.4). More than 500 outcome studies have demonstrated the efficacy of CBT for a wide range of psychiatric disorders, psychological problems and medical problems with psychological components (Butler, Chapman,Forman & Beck,2005 : Chambless & Ollendick,2001 as cited in Beck, J.S. 2011, p.4)