Cognitive Behavior Therapy : The Traditional Form Of Behavior

Thousands of girls and boys are forced into human trafficking and the slavery market daily. However, it is not always forced labor, but voluntary. These underground activities affect families and puts them at potential danger of someone being trapped in human trafficking (Clause & Lawler, 2013). Many families are unaware of the dangers that exists today, even in America, and the different ways victims are trapped by and/or unable to escape human traffickers (McClain & Garrity, 2011). It is important to make families aware of these dangers since individuals who are caught in human trafficking have not provided consent nor agreed to this oppressive lifestyle. In 2012, there were 44 survivors of human trafficking cases reported in Kansas (Halley, 2012) while in 2013, Rapp (2014) reported that over 200 individuals were identified as victims of human trafficking throughout Kansas. There continues to be inadequate understanding of what human trafficking is and how to intervene. There are many families that are unaware to the extent of how youth and communities are impacted by this social issue (Macy & Graham, 2012).

According to Hayes, emphasis shifted towards exploration of one’s interpretation of the world and interpretation of emotionally relevant situations, and shapes experience. This second generation of developments included rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) developed by Albert Ellis, and Beck and colleagues’ cognitive therapy.

Current literature suggests that the practising of cognitive therapy techniques on oneself is a valuable and useful way to learn about cognitive therapy (Beck, 1995; Padesky & Greenberger, 1995; Padesky, 1996). Padesky (1996, p. 288), for instance has written: ‘‘To fully understand the process of the therapy, there is no substitute for using cognitive therapy methods on oneself “. Beck (1995, p. 312) advises readers ‘‘to gain experience with the basic techniques of cognitive therapy by practising them yourself before doing so with patients . . . trying the techniques yourself allows you to correct

While behavioural approaches to the management of obesity are often successful in achieving clinically significant weight loss, the weight lost is generally regained. The great majority of patients return to their pre-treatment weight within 3 years. There have been attempts to improve the long-term effectiveness of behavioural treatment but the results have been disappointing. In this paper we suggest that, among other factors, this is because of the neglect of the contribution of cognitive factors to weight regain, and because there is often ambiguity over the goals of treatment. We present a cognitive behavioural analysis of the processes involved in weight regain, and we describe a new cognitive behavioural treatment derived from it. This treatment is designed to minimise the problem of weight regain by addressing psychological obstacles to the acquisition of, and long-term adherence to, effective weight-control behaviour.

The prison was designed as a place of punishment for those who would commit criminal acts. The purpose of prison is to punish the criminals, protect the public and reform the criminals back to law abiding citizens before reintegrating them back into society. Prison conditions are hard on inmates in general, because of overcrowding, violence, lack of privacy, lack of meaningful activities, isolation from family and friends, uncertainty about life after prison, and inadequate health services. Such an environment can take a toll on the mental health of inmates. The environment can aggregate issues such as anger, violence, addiction, and depression.

Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating as well as by self-induced vomiting and/or laxative abuse (Mitchell, 1986). Episodes of overeating typically alternate with attempts to diet, although the eating habits of bulimics and their methods of weight control vary (Fairburn et al., 1986). The majority of bulimics have a body weight within the normal range for their height, build, and age, and yet possess intense and prominent concerns about their shape and weight (Fairburn et al., 1986). Individuals with bulimia nervosa are aware that they have an eating problem, and therefore are often eager to receive help. The most common approach to

The philosophy of cognitive behavioral therapy is that “think and feeling are connected people are creative (Halbur & Halbur, 2015, p.47)”. The key aspects of theory are to challenge the irrational beliefs that we hold about ourselves. Aaron Beck the primary founder of cognitive behavior theory assumed that people can control how they feel and what they think. He believed that our inner thoughts and beliefs affected how we are affected on the outside. One of the key concepts is that the client’s dysfunctional thinking can be derived from an erroneous internal process or bias.

The history of Congetive Behavioral Therapy can be traced to the 1960’s when the psychodynamic perspective was questioned. The Behavior therapy gained a prominence. However, back in the 60’s, these therapies were controversial and relegated to the treatment of behavior dysfunction in severely disordered children .(Puleo,Settipani,Brodman,Emunds,Communigs, & Kendall, 2011). Yet, in the 1970’s, cognitive behavioral therapy reached higher functioning individuals, integrated the role of cognitive processing, and incorporated a focus on emotion. The transition did not happen over night, but in the end, social cognitive processing, the psychology of self-control, and emotion regulation were melded into behavioral intervention and, eventually, emerging as multifaceted, widely applicable, extensively practiced, and well reached CBT of the present day.( Puleo,Settipani,Brodman,Emunds,Communigs, & Kendall, 2011).

The evolution of cognitive behavior therapy has resulted in brain-based treatment modalities that have shifted from the theoretical to the measurable. A modality that began as behavior therapy in its first revolution, expanded to cognitive behavior therapy focusing on how cognitions affect emotions and behavior in its second revolution, and a third generation of cognitive behavior therapy focusing on the actual thought process. Cognitive behavior therapy is not a single method of psychotherapy. Instead cognitive behavior therapy is an umbrella term describing a marriage between social learning theory, cognitive therapy, and behavior therapy, all of which initially came about form experimental psychology (Hansen, 2008). Cognitive behavior therapy lies on the belief that behavior can have a strong influence on thought and emotion, and specifically that changing what an individual does is often an effective manner of changing thoughts and emotions (Westbrook, Kennerely, & Kirk, 2011). Throughout its history, it is the commitment of cognitive behavior therapy to a scientific approach to the study of psychopathology and treatment that resulted in today’s evidence-based practice (Herbert & Forman, 2011).

The cognitive behaviour therapy program consists of a modified version of a treatment used for coronary heart disease (Burell, 1996). Each session in the cognitive behavior therapy program was divided into 5 sections: relaxation, discussion on home assignments, psycho-education, management techniques. and introduction of new home assignments.

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is a form of Cognitive Behavior Therapy created by Albert Ellis. REBT was one of the first types of cognitive therapies and was first called rational therapy. In 1959 the name was changed to Rational Emotive Therapy and did not get its current name, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy, until 1992.

Rational emotive behavior therapy suggests that human beings defeat or ‘disturb’ themselves in two main ways: (1) by holding irrational beliefs about their ‘self’ (ego disturbance) or (2) by holding irrational beliefs about their emotional or physical comfort (discomfort disturbance). Frequently, the two go together.

The Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) exercise focuses on stress the client is experiencing in their life. REBT is effective in teaching people how to effectively manage stress through changing irrational beliefs. Stress is present in everyday issues and every person experiences on a daily basis. Stress is different from neurotic or emotional problems because the irrational belief created from stress related events which are short-term and identifiable events (Abrams &Ellis, 1994). The stress related to neurotic or emotional problems are routine result in distorted thoughts for the individual (Abrams &Ellis, 1994). REBT is successful for everyday stress and not stress related to a psychological disorder.

The father of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is Albert Ellis. Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1913, New York became Dr. Ellis’ home since his family move there when he was four years old. Ellis struggled with health problems and physical ailments from childhood until his death in 2007. As a child, Ellis survived on his own as his parents were absent. His father was a traveling business person and his mother was emotionally absent (Albert Ellis Institute, 2012). The foundation of REBT developed when a youthful Ellis utilized a philosophy of viewing life to deal with his physical and family issues (Corey, 2013).

This article covers and extensive over view of Albert Ellis and the creation of Rational Emotive Behavior therapy. When covering the history of REBT, Daniel David discusses how RBET made Ellis an originator of the "cognitive revolution". David also highlights that the theory has changed since it was first created in 1957 as Rational Therapy, but still follows the ABC model – activating events, beliefs, and consequences. When explaining the practice of REBT, David highlights that the theory can be used for individual, group, and family/couple therapy. Finally, David discusses how there are several different uses for REBT and it's major contributions to the psychological field.