Cognitive Behavioral Therapy By Crime Reduction Interventions

Ms. Smith is a 30 year old single, Caucasian female referred for a psychosocial assessment by DOC Parole Officer Ward. She reports she was released from prison 2 months ago after a 3 year sentence for attempted escape due to not notifying her probation officer of her address change. Ms. Smith states due to her past substance use history and trauma experience her referral sources ordered counseling to address complex issues related to her emotional and physical well-being.

Client stated that she first started using alcohol at the age of 14. Client reported most recently consuming alcohol within the past 2 days of this assessment. Client reports out of the last 90 days prior to her evaluation, she used alcohol on 70 of those days, 45 of those days she drank herself into intoxication. Client reported over the past 2-12 months, she has had repeated

Although Paul does not allow the accident to take over his life, he does change because of it. The accident leaves Paul to be a lot more cautious and more worry-some. Despite his cautious personality, he finds himself trying new things and taking risks because of Finnie. "...Without Finnie Walsh, I

Lori emphasizes that Paul “has struggled in his life with bouts and depression and anxiety since his mid-twenties. “ This problem is what makes his wife to implore him to attend the therapy with Lori. Based on the description of his profile by Lori, Paul’s problem of depression and anxiety can be directly linked to his most significant problem, professional or career failure, which started during his early twenties.

At the beginning of the novel, Paul is very isolated.For instance, on page 12, Paul writes, “Dad said sure thing you’re at the top of the stairs Erik's at the other end and you have two guest room in between you. This shows how Paul is not only physically isolated but also metaphorically for his emotions. On page 11,Paul is isolated by not participating in the Erik fisher football dream like the rest of his family. This shows Paul is even isolated from his family.

Paul doesn’t feel comfortable living in his hometown due to his mother's illness(from the snowball incident) and her choices of actions. His guilt from his youth, causes him to leave town, become a magician and join the carnival. Paul started feeling guilty as he grew older, when he could finally understand what happened, and he believes and from what he understands he blames his mother's illness on himself. "... it was my birth that made her like that. My father thought it was his duty to tell me, so that I could do whatever was possible to make it up to her. My birth robbed her of her sanity... I was too young for the kind of guilt my father wanted me to feel. I couldn't stand it." (Davies, p.261) Due to his father being unable to care for his mother's illness, Paul is lead to believe more into his guilt that his mother's illness is all caused by him. “Paul was not a village favourite, and the dislike so many people felt for his mother–dislike for the queer and persistently unfortunate–they attached to the unoffending son.”(Fifth Business. page 32) " I can call up in an instant what it felt like to be the child of a woman everybody jeered at and thought a dirty Joke." (Davies p.261) These two quotes lead to Paul being frowned upon in the town. Many take second guesses to talk to Paul because of the direction of Mrs. Dempster losing her

To begin with, Paul is counseling having flashbacks about his family and secrets that are untold. The author

John was terrified of discovering the truth about his father. O’Brien explained that for John, “[Knowing] is to be disappointed. To understand is to be betrayed.” (242) While hiding the truth was convenient for John, the secrets piled up and ultimately proved to be too much of a burden. For as hard as John tried to cover up the truth, he always knew about his father’s drinking. “That was the worst part. The secret drinking that wasn’t secret,” O’Brien explained. (66) When Paul hanged himself, however, John was finally able to face the truth. He was still a child, and at the funeral he continually screamed in front of the entire procession, finally relieving himself of the burden of years of secrecy. While the truth of Paul’s alcoholism was not pretty, and was certainly less convenient to face than simply ignoring it, it was a significant relief for John. His mother explained: “I hate to say it, but it was a relief to have him out of the house. John and I, we both adored the man, but suddenly all the tension was gone and we could have supper without sitting there on the edge of our seats.” (97) Throughout the rest of John’s life, a similar process of hiding the truth and ultimately accepting it would repeat. As he progressed to the next stage of his life, as a young adult serving in the Vietnam War, John would bear a secret much heavier than his father’s

Referrals are accepted from criminal justice professionals and agencies, health and social care agencies and, professionals and the client MUST be involved in the criminal justice system as an offender or alleged offender. The client must also be thought to have an ‘identified vulnerability’, including mental health problems. [NHS, n.d.]

Survival may be one of the natural instincts in human beings, but it can and sometimes will be overcome by other powerful emotions. John's initial struggle for survival is suppressed by his overwhelming love for his wife. He becomes involved when his wife's name is mentioned in court, and her life becomes endangered. John does a complete turn around on his perspective of the situation. He goes from being completely isolated, to attempting to take control of the situation. However, his initial failure to do the right thing from the start caused this plan to fail.

D.D. is a 50-year-old, African American male presenting with a number of anxiety and depressive symptoms. The client reports that he came to counseling for “extra support and someone to talk to.” D.D. has been struggling with mental health issues since he was young. Since the age of 15 he has been hospitalized on and off for “hearing voices.” In the early 1980’s he was diagnosed with schizophrenia and prescribed Risperdal to treat the symptoms. Since then, D.D. has been in a variety of mental health settings, including hospitals, day programs, and outpatient treatment. The client has an extensive alcohol and drug use history that he believes impacted his Schizophrenia. In the early 1980’s the client would use alcohol every day “to avoid the voices,” drinking “anything he could get his hands on.” He was also heavily involved with drugs at that time and regularly used marijuana, PCP, cocaine, and heroine. In 2000, the client was sentenced to eight years in jail for four bank robberies. While in jail, D.D. received mental health treatment and alcohol and drug treatment, which was greatly beneficial. When the client was released from jail in 2008, he was drug and alcohol free and was taken off of Risperdal.

The client is currently on step 8 of MRT. The client has taken MRT seriously and had sought assistance from his counselor and group members. The client expressed that his biggest failure was "being in jail". The client has expressed that his criminal thinking and behaviors revolves around getting and using drugs. The client discussed goals of remaining sober, receiving aftercare, and maintaining a good relationship with probation. The client discussed and developed an awareness that he needs to no longer associate with old friends. The client expressed a need to explore and change his criminal thinking and negative behaviors. The client has developed insight into his criminal thinking and has developed more prosocial thinking patterns. The client will continue to work on building empathy, identifying and avoiding criminal triggers, and changing those distorted thinking patterns and replacing them with rational thinking patterns.

In Joe’s circumstances, it is plain to see just why he has become angry, hopeless, and depressed. Clinical psychologists have studied thousands of cases such as Joe’s as the importance of this topic cannot be quantified. Millions of Americans suffer from this abnormality; the differences are outside influences/extenuating

New methods, such as self-efficacy and self-awareness, are being practiced in a variety of preventative intervention based programs. Although many studies are conducted to impede negative circumstances of at-risk youth in the United States, there are several other cultures which aim to end the cycle of risky behavior among their youth. One particular country whose goal is to prevent “youth offenders” or criminals who exhibit risky behaviors is the UK (Wainwright, Nee, 2014, pg. 167). Wainwright and Nee (2014) present their success with their intervention program in the UK, called the Good Lives Model, to encourage self-efficacy and “crime prevention [through] early intervention” (p.167). Wainwright and Nee (2014) also found that encouraging

The focus of this paper will be based upon different crime prevention strategies implemented by members of the communities, local and government authorities.