Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ( Cbt )

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an insight-focused therapy that emphasizes the here-and-now. It is typically brief and time-limited, collaborative in nature, fairly structured and empirically based (Freeman, Felgoise, Nezu, Nezu, & Reinecke, 2005). Aaron Beck is a major name that arises when discussing the origins of CBT. Beck (1970) contends that individual perceptions of events shape feelings and behaviors. This theory places emphasis on the concept of automatic thoughts. Automatic thoughts are linked to the client’s core beliefs about self and worldview. When a client’s automatic thoughts are maladaptive, it can often be traced to irrational core beliefs; this in turn elicits emotional and behavioral difficulty. In other words, this phenomenon describes what Beck termed “cognitive distortions” which are unrealistic negative thoughts and beliefs that influence perception of events, feelings, and reactions (Beck, 1970).

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is the inspired work of Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck which emphasizes the need for attitudinal change to promote and maintain a behavior modification (Nichols, 2010 p. 167). Ellis believed, people contribute to their own psychological problems, as well as specific symptoms, by the rigid and extreme beliefs they hold about events and situations (Cory 2012, p. 291). CBT is based on an educational model with a scientifically supported assumption that most emotional and behavioral responses are learned. Therefore, the goal of therapy is to assist clients unlearn their unwanted behaviors and to learn new ways of behaving and thinking when he/she is faced with an

However, the argument that exposure to traumatic event can always result in mental health problems has become controversial because it can stigmatize those who do not believe they have been affected in an adverse manner. Fortunately, only a small percentage of people experience severe enough lose or trauma reactions to meet the criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), and most people appear to fully recover from any adverse effect within a relatively short period of time, and to successfully overcome potentially traumatic events with little or no disruption in their normal ability to function (Shalev, 2002). Therefore, it is important to note that “the emergence of interest in the concept of resilience comes at the peak of success of the concept of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), serving as a reminder that

However, Diaz and Motta focused their study on adolescent participants and on PTSD. For this study, participants were between the ages of 14 and 17 and were all female from a residential treatment facility that met the criteria for PTSD (Diaz & Motta, 2008). The researchers used the following self-report inventories to measure the level of PTSD: (a) Child PTSD Symptom Scale [CPSS] (Foa, Johnson, Feeny, & Treadwell, 2001), (b) Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children [TSCC] (Briere, 1996), (c) Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children [MASC] (March, 1997), (d) Children’s Depression Inventory [CDI] (Kovacs, 1992) (Diaz & Motta, 2008).

As children go through life, they will come upon stressful situations and experiences. Many children will work through the challenges that life brings, build resilience and move forward, however, some children may experience more extreme traumatic events that can result in life difficulties due to serious trauma symptoms that are much harder to manage. Trauma-Focused-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is an evidence based treatment model designed to help youth who have experienced a significantly traumatic life event. TF-CBT uses skills and strength based therapy to address symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety (Cohen et al, 2006). This research is an examination of trauma focused cognitive behavior therapy as a model of practice including the areas of history and development of the model, its relationship with other models of practice, considerations of appropriate populations, methods and components for treatment, effectiveness of the intervention and relevance for social work practice.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is ubiquitous and a proven approach to treatment for a host of diverse psychological difficulties (Wedding & Corsini, 2014). There are copious of acceptable created experiments that show to be highly useful in treating anxiety disorders through GAD Generalized Anxiety Disorder approach (Fawn & Spiegler, 2008). The purpose of this assignment is to expound on the client’s demography and demonstrating concern. The first procedure in this assignment will consist of the required informed consent and the client background information. Thus, a succinct discretion of the theoretical framework of CBT will describe the theoretic framework of CBT therapy expended in this assignment (Wedding & Corsini, 2014; Fawn & Spiegler, 2008). The next steps will adherent on how information regarding the clients past and present is problematic amalgamated to form an evaluation and to construct the client’s treatment. In the midst of assessment or the evaluation process and schema is implemented to create the sessions, examination, and provide feedback throughout each session.

Also, like adults, they can recover just as easily with therapy sessions and techniques. This is just a preview of what kind of research is being done in order to combat this issue with adolescents that have PTSD. The next step into the paper is to show if children are more resilient than adults or how does PTSD affect the development of children’s mental and physical

I will be collaborating with The National Institute of Mental Health for the funding of the research project. The research will attempt to identify what factors determine whether someone with PTSD will respond well to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) intervention, aiming to develop more personalized, effective and efficient treatments. The mission of this project is to transform the understanding and treatment of mental illnesses through basic and clinical research, paving the way for prevention, recovery, and cure (National Institutes of Health, 2013).

When someone hears about Post Traumatic Stress disorder, they assume it only affects those in active duty or military veterans. However, it can affects those who have seen natural disasters, severe child abuse and horrible events. The national comorbidity survey replications did a survey on how many people in the US have PTSD they say, “(NCS-R), conducted between February 2001 and April 2003, comprised interviews of a nationally representative sample of 9,282 Americans aged 18 years and older. PTSD was assessed among 5,692 participants, using DSM-IV criteria. The NCS-R estimated the lifetime prevalence of PTSD among adult Americans to be 6.8% (1). Current past year PTSD prevalence was estimated at 3.5% (2).The lifetime prevalence of PTSD among men was 3.6% and among women was 9.7%.

Lack of an effective treatment plan is major problem that is affecting the quality of medical interventions given to the war veterans with PTSD (Kennedy, Jaffee, Leskin, Stokes, Leal & Fitzpatrick, 2007). This paper will answer the following research question, “what is the effect of the application of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) to war veterans with PTSD”. The paper will contain explanation of the benefits of MBSR particularly to patients experiencing anxiety and pain. The study will make a comparison between a standard psychotherapy treatment and MBSR (Roberts, Kitchiner, Kenardy & Bisson, 2009). The research will focus on generating another treatment option for war veterans after serving in military operations for many years. It will determine the efficacy of MBSR compared to PCGT as a treatment option (Bisson, Ehlers, Matthews, Pilling, Richards & Turner, 2007).

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is commonly used to treat a wide range of disorders, including depression and anxiety. During the course of treatment, individuals learn how to identify disturbing or destructive though patters that can have an ill influence on behaviors and emotions. Being cognoscente of ones thoughts and looking at it from a logical point of view can often help individuals that are suffering from PTSD symptoms, group therapy is often a safe setting with peers that can help instill CBT effectively, and even see how CBT has improved others’ lives as well. In these setting patients can discuss memories of PTSD and have even been most successful with war veteran, sexual molestation cases, even natural disaster

Across the nation there are children, both male and female, who suffer from symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) each day. These children are victims of a variety of trauma, such as “natural disasters, war, sexual abuse, witnessing violent behavior on another person, serious life-threatening illness, and community violence” (Sauter & Franklin, 1998). For years, “studies have been done to understand the relationship [of] the prevalence of PTSD in children who experience trauma” (Sauter & Franklin, 1998). Children who have experienced war-like conditions, natural disasters, or nuclear accidents have been found to experience symptoms of PTSD (Avery, Massat & Lundy, 2000). Approximately thirty percent of children who have “survived a major trauma” develop PTSD (Hizli, Taskintuna, Isikli, Kilic, & Zileli, 2009). It has been found that “children exposed to traumatic events have much higher incidence and prevalence of PTSD than do children in the general population” (Hizli, Taskintuna, Isikli, Kilic, & Zileli, 2009). Unfortunately, out of a sample of children who witnessed domestic violence, ninety-three percent were able to be diagnosed with PTSD (Hizli, Taskintuna, Isikli, Kilic, & Zileli, 2009). Children who are in situations dealing with emigration or economic problems also are at risk for developing PTSD (Hizli, Taskintuna, Isikli, Kilic, & Zileli, 2009).

In conclusion in this study it is evident that TF-CBT is extremely effective in treating children and adolescents suffering from PTSD, one reason in part is the fact of parental and often times community involvement. The participant feels connected to other outside members and is more willing to accept treatment. Increasing community involvement can be done through the encouragement of the local government, social services, family, and other sources of support in the Memphis area. A lot of this is starting to be implemented through the many non-profit therapeutic foster care services and clinics in and around the Memphis area. At this point, it is presumed the question is what is the next step in research regarding TF-CBT? It is said that identification

PTSD is a form of dissociation and involves two distinct parts that effect the consciousness and behavior of an adolescent. “One is numb and avoidant of traumatic memories, but more or less functional in daily life, and another is enmeshed in traumatic memories” (Diseth 83). These elements of dissociation cause attachment and adaptive disorders that will perpetrate further harm to the adolescent. Trauma is related to other behaviors in adolescents, such s numbing, social withdrawal, separation anxiety and new fears.