Cold War Essay

Chinese cooperation with Pakistan has reached economic high points, with substantial Chinese investment in Pakistani infrastructural expansion. Pakistan has served as China's main bridge between Muslim countries. By facilitating the 1972 Nixon visit to China Pakistan played an important role in the communication gap by bridging it between China and the West. The relationship between China and Pakistan has been described by Pakistan's ambassador to China as higher than the mountains, deeper than the oceans, stronger than steel, dearer than eyesight, sweeter than honey, and so

You are correct that it is time for the U.S. to revise its policy with Pakistan. Two points made in the article by Fair and Ganguly might be the place for the U.S. to start. First, the U.S. should make it clear that Pakistan will be held accountable for any of their nuclear material that ends up in the hands of the militant non-state actors. If violated, this could result in airstrikes to their nuclear facilities (Fair, Ganguly). The second is for the U.S. to make it clear that it will not intervene to de-escalate any future terror attacks against India. Letting India decide how to deal with Pakistan should be their decision without U.S influence (Fair, Ganguly). These are not silver bullets by any means, but they could be a place to start.

During the second week of July, 1971, Kissinger arrived in Beijing, where he heard the words by then Chinese Prime Minister Zhou Enlai: “In our opinion, if India continues on its present course in disregard of world opinion, it will continue to go on recklessly. We, however, support the stand of Pakistan. This is known to the world. If the Indians are bent on provoking such a situation, then we cannot sit idly by. On this, Kissinger responded that China should know that the US also backs Pakistan on this issue. Indira Gandhi, the Indian prime minister in those times decided to tour most of the Western capitals to prove Indian stand and gain support and sympathy for the Bengalis of East Pakistan. On November 4th and 5th she met Nixon in Washington. Nixon straightforwardly told her that a new war in the subcontinent was out of the question.The next day, Nixon and Kissinger assessed the situation. Kissinger told Nixon: The Indians are” bastards”anyway. They are plotting a war. On December 4, just one day after Pakistan raided Indian airfields in Kashmir and Punjab declaring war on India, America’s proxy involvement in the war was becoming clear. Thinking that the Soviet Union might enter the war if they come to know this, which could cause a lot of destruction to Pakistan and American equipment given to Pakistan, US ambassador to the United Nations George H W Bush [later 41st president of the United States and father of George Bush] introduced a resolution in the UN Security Council, calling for a ceasefire and the withdrawal of armed forces by India and

I do not think our team realized that Pakistan relied heavily on the monetary aid that received from the United States. We did not do a cost-benefit analysis of how our actions could potentially create major problems for the economic wellbeing of our country. While Pakistan wants to end the war, it would not sacrifice their own wellbeing and security for anything. It would be against Pakistan’s good judgment and religious values to create a relationship with the Soviet Union. It would have been in Pakistan’s favor to maintain good relations with the US, accept humanitarian aid for the refugees and to condemn the USSR’s interference in Afghanistan by supporting a communist regime in and their subsequent

In the beginning United States was very suspicious of the success of Afghan Mujahideen but in order to make the Soviets suffer as much as possible, it decided to support them at a later stage. Pakistan was an equal partner in the Mujahideen’s war against USSR, from hosting around four million Afghan refugees to provision of training and military support.

On live television Nixon said, “oil without a market, as Dr. Mossadegh learnt many, many years ago, doesn't do much good.... We and Europe are the market... if they continue to up the price they will lose the markets.” Later, Nixon sent Secretary of State John Irwin to three of the main oil producing countries in the Middle East: Iran, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. According to State Department Spokesman, John F. King, Irwin was going to give the three rulers of each country, one of which was Faisal, a letter from Nixon expressing his concerns with what could transpire. Irwin was sent to try and persuade the countries to not do anything too rash and discuss ideas that could be of common interest. Although, some realized that the three countries Irwin visited were the most conservative out of all the countries in OPEC as well as the ones to have the most economic and political ties to the U.S. This was seen to some as an attempt to try and break up OPEC countries. Obviously neither of these approaches worked as the countries stayed together and Faisal was not too worried about Nixon’s threats. Instead, he emphasized his earlier threats by saying they would take action if the U.S. did not get the Israel troops out of Arab land. Other people, such as Zaki Yamani, Saudi oil minister and James Akins, a US ambassador, warned that Saudi may very well cutback their oil.

Only recently did America understand the worries from Pakistan when the ungrateful ex-President of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai (who was all about pushing India's agenda in the country) declined to sign a paper with the US, allowing minimum number of the US forces in Afghanistan to remain for 10-years. Karzai refused to sign that and instead humiliated the US on various occasion by calling them to leave. Anyone can apprehend why he was so desperate to drive the US forces out of Afghanistan (while Pakistan pushed on the US to stay in the region - Pakistan knew who was motivating Karzai to ask the US to leave the region and for what

Let us start with Afghanistan. Yes, both countries have issues dating back to 1947. The former was the only UN member to oppose the latter’s entry into the world body, a result of misplaced anger at the British Raj’s exit plan. Later, Republican Afghanistan fueled Pashtun nationalist fervor inside Pakistan as payback, tacitly supporting a secessional movement. Islamabad had no choice then but to use Islamists as a counterweight, especially when Kabul cozied up to New Delhi for similar

This was necessary because in South Asia, in order to sustain life, the basin irrigation system of Indus was crucial for ecology. Despite their past, these two countries managed to cooperate because if they had not done so, these two countries would’ve suffered from a very problematic consequence. This reveals India and Pakistan’s capabilities of overcoming difficult hindrances to attain mutual goals. Unfortunately, a few years later, at around 1945, the Second Kashmir War began when Pakistan attempt to force India to concede their land (Jammu and Kashmir) by provoking an uprising. India responded by attacking Kashmir all the way across into Pakistan. Pakistan, due to its lack of troops and munitions, had a tremendous amount of difficulty, during the war. Throughout the years, several conflicts and wars continued to occur between these two nations. In 1998, the Bharatya Janata Party (BJP), a Hindu party, formed a national government. It attempted to strength India’s national security by testing nuclear weapons. However, Pakistan responded by testing nuclear weapons of their own. This sparked the arms conflict between India and Pakistan.

Pakistan is a complex country, both because of harsh physical terrain and because of a historical unpredictable government. Pakistan is constantly in the news, and a topic of discussion in The United States. Many of the fighters the American forces are fighting in Afghanistan come from Pakistan, or at least find a safe haven in the mountains of western Pakistan. In addition, Pakistan is a nuclear-armed country that has a shaky government at best. I find it fascinating that a country that has a government with such a sporadic history filled with attempts to overthrow it and coups maintain a nuclear arsenal. How was this possible? I know that the United States and its allies put much effort into keeping countries such as Iran and North Korea from attaining nuclear weapons. What was going on during the development of Pakistan’s nuclear program? While Pakistan is an ally of the United States, in the region that Pakistan is located that could change quickly. In addition, I feel that you must prove that you are a stable country and society before you are permitted to possess such powerful weapons. Pakistan provides a very interesting topic of discussion that some people may not be aware. The two reasons listed above are the main reason I chose to write about Pakistan, knowing little else about the country, but through my research, I found that there is more to Pakistan than just those two areas, beginning with how the country initially formed.

India handled the whole episode like classic idiots. India believed that US will come running to help India or US will kick on the backsides of Pakistan to give up terror plots and implementation against India.

Pakistan’s economy has paid a huge price in partnering the war on terror with the USA. According to a recently released IMF report called “Pakistan Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper”, total losses, measured in terms of exports, foreign investment, industrial output and tax collection, are estimated to be around RS 2.08 trillion during the last five years period.

It is ironic that Nixon and Kissinger are identified with the beginning of détente, as first Nixon only intended to have limited accommodation with the Soviet Union. Nixon believed that no summit meeting without adequate preparation had the prospect for concrete agreements. Both Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger based their policies on the principles of negotiations, nuclear sufficiency and linkage. While Nixon was the quintessential political tactician, Kissinger was the diplomatic strategist. On 20 January 1969, Nixon’s inauguration day, the Soviet exhibited their willingness to start a serious exchange of views on the control of nuclear missiles.

Demonstrating their anger, the religious-political parties in Pakistan launched countrywide anti-US protests, criticizing the government of withdrawing its support to the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and becoming the part of US-led coalition against terrorism. They were of the opinion that government should support Afghans instead of supporting US. They were also more concerned over the US influence in Pakistan, which compelled Islamabad to change its policies towards the Taliban.

It was amid the season of 1971, when the national development in East Pakistan emitted. This prompted the declaration of the Republic of Bangladesh on March 26, 1971. The USSR endeavored to keep pressures from growing into a direct equipped clash. The then Soviet remote pastor Andrei Gromyko landed in New Delhi in the late spring of 1971 when the connection amongst India and Pakistan were in hopeless state.it was amid this season of August 9, 1971 when the USSR and India marked a Treaty of Peace, fellowship and Cooperation. This settlement assumed a vital part which was very much arranged and altogether thoroughly considered and it considered the high pressures in and around the Hindustan. This bargain additionally expressed successful responsibility of Soviet's Union that it might not go into or partake in any military partnership coordinated against the other party. The gatherings likewise attempted to swear off giving any help to any third nation that participates in furnished clash with the other party. This was a vital to India particularly amid the time when domain was under weight from both East and West Pakistan.[2]