Collaboration Care Model Paper

broad range of individual patients. The patient should be able to benefit maximally from the care he/she receives.

Throughout this assignment I will Identity and critique relevant policies, values, theories and evidence underpinning Integrated care teams. I will reflect on major implications identified for service users and for the role and practice of social work. I will look at a framework for anti- oppressive practice of which would inform my intervention.

At the individual level, lack of proper treatment for poor mental health and mental illness has a detrimental effect. At a population level, society also suffers from the burden resulting from the lack of treatment options for poor mental health and mental illness, due to loss of productivity from those crippled by poor mental health and mental illness. Evidence has begun to emerge showing that lack of treatment for mental illness -specifically depressive disorders - has been linked “with increased prevalence of chronic diseases.” Currently it is estimated about 26% of adults in the United States suffer from depression.

In the United States the Mental Health Care field is one of the most underserved areas of healthcare. The mental healthcare field faces many challenges to the proper treatment of patients from both a societal and professional standpoint. From a societal perspective a negative stereotype is associated with patients seeking psychiatric care. Patients seeking care are often labeled as defective or damaged. Add in the complication that most patients with mental illness appear to be normal, accepting that someone is ill without outward symptoms can also be difficult for a society to understand. From a professional perspective the challenges within the mental health care industry include personal prejudice, staffing issues, and problems with coordinating care. The combination of these factors has a direct negative impact on the willingness of individuals suffering from mental illness in seeking the care needed to treat the symptoms of mental illness.

In recent times, the responsibility of providing health care services has fallen on the shoulders of the primary health care providers. In turn, this reflects on the treatment preferences of many citizens and the subsequent availability and further the affordability of health care services. Quite some patients now receive health care for mental disorders from their primary health care providers. Therefore, this shows that the mental health afflicted patients are getting the proper treatment and prescription of their disorders from their doctors.

“Despite many calls for change, mental health care continues to be separate from the rest of health care. Difficulties in accessing mental health care have become a “de facto” in the US. Although screening for mental illness in primary care has increased in recent years, subsequent treatment remains inadequate and referral for specialty treatment continues to suffer from long delays. In the National Comorbidity Study, only 21.7% of individuals with major depressive disorder received adequate treatment (Grembowski, 2002).”

Another domain of the HPHA IPC model is interprofessional collaborative practice. Interprofessional collaboration is defined as “the process of developing and maintaining effective interprofessional working relationships with learners, practitioners, patients/clients/families and communities to enable optimal health outcomes. Elements of collaboration include respect, trust, shared decision-making, and partnerships (HPHA Interprofessional Practice Model, 2010). In the professional practice encounter described in this paper, there was a clear lack of respect and trust shown by the oncologist when talking about the nephrology intern.

Through environmental and technological innovations, health care in the industrialized world has been transformed over the past two centuries. This transformation also applies to mental health care. With the discovery and acceptance of psychology as a legitimate health science in the past one and a half centuries, mental health has been gradually integrated into the broad health care schema as primary and preventative medicine. However, even with this gradual integration, mental health care in the United States leaves much to be desired. Even after the passage of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), this type of care falls short of

It also reduces emergency room utilization and readmission rates (SAMSHA, 2017). The goal of this literature review is to describe the integration of primary care into a behavioral health setting (reverse integrated care). Specifically, the (a) characteristics of reverse integrated care; (b) benefits of integrated care; (c) challenges of integrated care (d) strategies to increase patient engagement in primary care and educational approaches to increase collaboration among healthcare providers. This review serves to provide a rationale for a study of how educating behavioral health workers on integrated care influences the number of referrals to the Primary Care Providers (PCP) and how educating patients on the benefits of integrated care will increase the number of patients scheduled to see the PCP. While several studies examine the effectiveness of the integrated care, few delve into the effects of staff and patient education. As such, this study shall serve as one of the first to explore how educating patients and medical staffs in a reverse integrated care setting can further

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 8% of persons over the age of twelve reports being currently depressed, this includes 6% of the male population (2014). This literature also reports males aged forty to fifty-nine having higher rates of depression (7%), when compared to males sixty years or older (5%) (2014). In 2010 there were 63.3 million visits to primary care physicians, hospital outpatient units and emergency rooms attributed to mental health diagnosis (CDC, 2014). In the same year, there were 395,000 psychiatric inpatient discharges with major depressive disorder as the primary diagnosis. These individuals had an average stay of six and a half days (CDC, 2014). Inpatient and outpatient treatment is seemingly a revolving door. One article examines the growing number of people being diagnosed with depression, yet the declining number of people seeking outpatient care. This article reports 2.88 out of 100 people seek outpatient treatment for their depression (ScienceDaily, 2010). It is imperative for practitioners of group practice to understand that men and women experience depression differently and to then formulate treatment based on the individual’s unique needs (NIH, 2014).

Despite a vastly advanced health-care system, the rate of depression is increasingly high. Depression has

According to the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance in the year 2005, about 14.8 million United States citizens over the age of eighteen were affected by the mental illness, depression (n. pag). Fortunately eighty percent of those who received treatment were able to improve within the first six weeks (n. pag). While this is a vast problem across all parts of the world, it is unfortunate that those who do not have it do not understand the toll it takes on those who do.

Statistical data reveal that 25% of adult Americans have a mental illness, and more than half of the U.S. population will develop a mental illness at some point during their lifetime (CDC; APA). "Major Depressive disorder is a leading cause of disability for ages 15-44. Major depressive disorder affects approximately 14.8 million American adults, or 6.7 percent of the U.S. population age 18 and older in a given year” while anxiety disorder affects …40 million…adults ages 18 and older…” (NIMH; APA). Comparatively, cardiovascular, diabetes, epilepsy, obesity, cancer, and asthma, and other chronic diseases are surfacing with increased frequency among the mentally ill (CDC; APA). The aforementioned finding elicits question about medical

More people suffer from depression than you might think. People of all ages, backgrounds, lifestyles, and nationalities get clinical depression. An estimated 35 to 40 million Americas living today will suffer from major depression at some time during their lives. (4) This is about 13 to 20 percent of all Americans. (1) About half of these individuals will experience recurring depression. (3) Despite being what authorities call "the nation's leading mental health problem" (6), depression is often misdiagnosed or undiagnosed, and therefore not treated. (4) Often as a result, about 25 percent of these people attempt suicide to end their

This is even more important as a high proportion of people with physical health conditions also have co-morbid mental health problems, many of these problems go undiagnosed and untreated leading to poorer health outcomes and higher costs of care. In addition, mental health co-morbidities increase hospital costs by 45- 75% per case, the extra costs of physical health care associated with mental health co-morbidities and medically unexplained symptoms amount to around £13.5 billion a year(11). Across a range of conditions, each patient with co-morbid depression costs health services between 30 and 140 per cent more than equivalent patients without depression (4).