Colonial Influence On Chile

There were initially two to ten million natives in the United States prior to European contact. Those numbers dwindled down drastically in the years that Europeans came and started colonizing. The Europeans came to explore the New World in search of land, spices, gold, God and glory. Among these colonists were the Spanish and they colonized most of the southwest of the United States. Evidence of their settlements can still be seen today in the missions scattered across the land. These missions were started with the purpose of converting the Native Americans to Christianity. Now, imagine living your entire life with a particular set of beliefs, based on your ancestors and culture, and a group of foreigners come and proclaim that your views are all wrong and that you must follow their beliefs for the salvation of your soul. This is exactly what the Spanish did to the Natives. The relationship between the two parties were strained and rife with tension due to the conversion of the natives and the constant abuse doled out by the Spanish. This subsequently led to the disintegration of native life and culture.

The government also advocated the development of domestic industry in order to protect Chile from future external economic shocks. Thus, Chile, like many other Latin American nations at the time, adopted a policy of import-substitution industrialization. Its aim was to “encourage the creation of homegrown industries to replace Latin American dependence on foreign manufactured goods” (Berliner) which was done in part by establishing quotas, licenses, and higher tariffs on imports and a strict exchange rate in Chile.

Chile has a competitive advantage in the forestry sector since pine grows exponentially faster in the southern forests of Chile than in New Zealand, Sweden, and Canada. While Chile has a competitive advantage in the forestry sector, it is not the leading export. Chile’s leading export is the mining sector which makes up 51 percent of the exports, and contributes more than eleven percent to Chile’s GDP. Not only is the forestry and mining sector important to Chile’s exports, but also the fishery sectors; Chile is one of world’s leading exporters of fish and fishmeal. While Chile is a large exporter and focuses on increasing exports, Chile also imports goods. Chile’s main imported good is manufactured goods, such as

Chile has a lot of iron, coal, iron ore, gold, silver, manganese, sulfur, petroleum, nitrates, and

Chile stretches along 2,672 miles with an average width of 112 miles. More than one out of every three Chileans live in Santiago metropolitan region which is the capital of Chile. Two Chilean poets have won the Nobel Prize in literature. Chile’s population sits around 17,363,894 ranking Chile 63, they have a human development index of 41 of 187 countries. GDP per capita is $19,100 with an adult literacy at 99% for both males and females. The general attitudes are friendly and warm, but they might be shy and reserved when first meeting someone, they are also known for their sharp, witty and somewhat cynical sense of humor. Chileans are extremely patriotic and take pride in their nation’s cultural, educational, and economic achievements. Chile has a large middle class, and their educational system enables many poorer people to excel. When it comes to Chilean appearance they closely follow European styles, North American fashions are also popular especially among the youth. Greetings in Chile are important because they stress that one is welcome and recognized. The most common greeting among friends and relatives is the abrazo, consisting of a handshake and a hug. Chileans eat their main meal in the middle of the day and a lighter meal between 8 and 10pm, they typically have a tea time around 5 or 6pm where beverages, small sandwiches, and cookies or cake are served. In restaurants a server can be summoned with a raised finger; meal checks are not brought to the table until

Three years later, a distinguished officer of Pizarro's army, Spanish-born Pedro de Valdivia, secured permission to settle the land south of Peru in the name of the Spanish crown. Valdivia left with just 10 soldiers and little ammunition, but his band grew to 150 by the time he reached the Aconcagua Valley, where he founded Santiago de la Nueva Extremadura on February 12, 1541. Fire, Indian attacks, and famine beset the colonists, but the town nonetheless held firm. Valdivia succeeded in founding several other outposts, including Concepción, La Serena, and Valdivia, but like the Incas before him, he was unable to overcome the Mapuche Indians south of the Río Biobío. In a violent Mapuche rebellion, Valdivia was captured and suffered a gruesome

In a patriarchal society such as colonial Latin America, women were considered second class citizens. No matter their class or ethnicity, all women experienced the social and cultural limitations that are subjected to them by this patriarchal society. Women had limited access to education, women are used to satisfy men’s personal desires and legal systems neglected women’s court rights while heavily advocating men’s. However, not all women are subjected to the same limitations because of the difference in one’s economic status and ethnic identity. Nonetheless, women still found a way to carve out a space for themselves in attempt to overcome these regulations set by a patriarchal society.

According to the CIA, Mexico has become the US ' second-largest export market and third-largest source of imports. In 2014, two-way trade in goods and services exceeded $590 billion. Mexico has free trade agreements with 46 countries, putting more than 90% of trade under free trade agreements. In 2012, Mexico formally joined the Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations and formed the Pacific Alliance with Peru, Colombia, and Chile. Mexico’s economy is made up from the agriculture industry and several other industries. The agricultural products are: corn, wheat, rice, beans, fruit, cotton, coffee, wood products, and soybeans and the industries services are: iron and steel, food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, petroleum., textiles, mining, and tourism. (CIA.GOV) In Coastal cities like Cancun, tourism, is an essential part of local economy. A clear majority of Mexico’s population lives in poverty. According to Boundless, 44.2% of Mexico’s population lives below the poverty line as defined by the country’s National Council of Social Development Policy Evaluation. This part of the population has trouble meeting basic human needs such as stable shelter, food, and health care. According to Geo-Mexico, the same report found that almost 60% of Mexico’s population matched the criteria for “lower class”, while only 1.7% of the population could be best described as “upper class.” Mexico’s wealth

In order to accomplish this Chile created the port at Valparaiso, the first major port for ships coming around Cape Horn (Collier 17). While under colonial rule Chile was limited to who they could do business with, following their independence Chile found new markets to sell their products to such as Britain and the United States (Collier 17). The gold rush in California also helped to increase foreign trade in Valparaiso. Though Chile at first traded primarily with Western countries, it eventually diversified its range of countries that they traded with following some trade reforms. For example, Chile now trades with Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, other Latin American countries, Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, and China to name a few (Gwynne 52). In addition, Chile has many free trade agreements with countries such as the United States of America, the European Union, China, and Japan to name a few (“SICE: Countries: Chile: Trade Agreements." ). The diversification of trading partners means that Chile is better able to cope with any potential economic downturn such as the 2008 Global Financial Crisis (Gwynne 52).

Chile is known for its growing economy, and in order to have a healthy growing economy a country must have various trade agreements. Chile has trade agreements with almost everyone. Each agreement is special in its own way. The state has also recently became more involved with regional trade as it wishes to become a bigger presence in South America (Ibanez, Garcia). The state is also hoping to become an important economic state internationally, which is why its market score is currently 78.5 (The Heritage Foundation). It is currently one of the Top 10 free economic leaders; as the state hold the 7th spot for the most free economy (The Heritage Foundation).

Throughout the ensuing paper we will dive into a country of rich heritage, beautiful landscape, and an extraordinary people with a very promising future. Chile is the longest country in the world geographically speaking with a majority of the population residing in the central region, specifically Santiago, the capital, and Viña del Mar. The official language is Spanish, although in some regions a couple of other languages are still prevalent.

It is commonly believed that free trade between nations is a mutually beneficial arrangement for all parties involved; indeed, this is held to be an absolute truth. Though free trade is undoubtedly the most effective form of commerce between countries from a purely economic standpoint, increasingly we find that our so-called "free trade agreements" are horribly unbalanced. Indicative of these fiascoes is the North American

Economic analysts say trading among other countries with no stipulations improve global efficiency in resource allocation (Tupy, 2005). Free Trade delivers goods and services to those who value them most and allows partners to gain from specializing in the producing those goods and services they do best; according to Tupy’s findings, Economists call that the law of comparative advantage. Tupy also states when producers create goods they are comparatively skilled at i.e. Germans producing beer and the French producing wine, those goods increase in abundance and quality. Trade allows consumers to benefit from more efficient production methods, for example, without large markets for goods and services, large production runs would not be economical. Large production runs, in turn, are instrumental to reducing product costs while lower production

Since the mid-20th century, countries have progressively reduced barriers, subsidies to domestic industries and diverse restrictions on international commerce in order to promote specialization and greater efficiency in production. In theory, free trade allows nations to focus on their main comparative advantages and profit from cooperation and voluntary trade. This strategy is usually reinforced by treaties between two or more countries where commerce of goods and services can be handled across their common borders, without tariffs and other trade obstacles. As a key component of regional integration in the Americas, CAFTA-DR is one important example of this economic ideology.

The basis of free trade is that in a growing economy the comparative-advantage shows that resources flow from lower productivity to those with higher productivity (Carbaugh, 2009). Along with increased employment in developing countries and higher standard of living, consumers benefit from more diversity on the market and cheaper prices. One of the baggiest challenges government’s faces is the pressure from public and domestic firms to protect the local work force from cheap foreign imports. Governments must find