Colorblind Practices

Bonilla-Silva also discusses the style of color-blindness. He asserts that due to the change in post-Civil Rights era thoughts on discrimination, whites had to change

Legewie, Joscha. "Racial Profiling and Use of Force in Police Stops: How Local Events Trigger Periods of Increased Discrimination." American Journal of Sociology, vol. 122, no. 2, Sept. 2016, pp. 379-424. EBSCOhost, ezproxy.uno.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sih&AN=118161270&site=eds-live&scope=site.

There are many types of racism in America that cause people to make accusations against law enforcement for discrimination. One type of racism is racial profiling. It is a strategy that encourages police officers to stop and question minorities only because of their race. It takes place in a variety of routine police encounters. Unmotivated searches occur everyday among the minority groups. Could you imagine waking up and being scared to walk outside your house because of the color of your skin? This is a fear of almost everyone belonging to a minority group. This continues to be a widespread problem throughout the country.

Arguments have been made that the application of the Broken Windows style of policing leads to negative results for the poor and minority residents of the area impacted. The application of the Broken Windows style of policing did leads to negative results for the poor and minority residents of the area impacted. Fagan & Davies (2000) “When it comes to debating theories of crime and law, some people pretend that race does not matter at all, while others accord it undue, if not determinative, significance. There is now strong empirical evidence that individuals of color are more likely than white Americans to be stopped, questioned, searched, and arrested by police.” For example, according to Fagan & Davies (2000) “The OAG Report showed that stops were disproportionately concentrated in the city 's poorest neighborhoods, neighborhoods with high

Justice is a concept that takes into account the inalienable rights of all individuals to equal protection before and under the law regardless of race, gender, ethnicity, religious belief, age, disability or income. The justice system of the United States was founded on the principles that everyone has the right to receive a fair trial with equal representation. Racial disparity exist whenever there is a vast disparity between the proportion of a group represented in the overall population and the proportion of the same group at any given point within a system. Structural inequality affects an entire class of people by granting them special access to assistance as a result of their race, ethnicity, gender, class or wealth. Racial disparity is an ever growing problem within the criminal justice system partly

The system of racial profiling is corrupt and is corrupting police departments around the nation. The Justice Department conducted an investigation in the Ferguson Police department after the shooting of Michael Brown. They found “direct evidence of racial bias” and “intentional discrimination” (“Black Lives Matter”). The Justice Department stated that “police practices are shaped by the City’s focus on revenue rather than by public safety needs.” Another report in 2016 on the Baltimore Police

Besides enacting racial bias screening and training requirements, police departments need to change the way they operate, by changing poor police protocol currently in place. In other words, in some cases, this issue of racial profiling can stem from police chiefs who provide their officers with patrol assignments targeting minority neighborhoods due to implicit biases which they have. In Driving While Black: Racial Profiling On Our Nation's Highways, David Harris suggests, “Because police look for drugs primarily among African Americans and Latinos, they find a disproportionate number of them with contraband” (Harris). Certain police chiefs intentionally target minority neighborhoods and put a greater effort on catching the people living there for their wrongdoings, thus making those minority groups appear as higher threats to society. The picture of crime would be reversed if the police targeted White people rather than minorities.

-Individuals should have the sense of fairness in, "what is distributed" or "what is right."

The use of racially bias policing isn’t a new phenomenon, however, there is very little data on its use and practice. A lot of that accounts for the fact that determining that a law enforcement officer used racial bias as a method to stop, question and frisk a person is substantially hard. Furthermore, racially bias policing has been an issue facing police since the creation of the first police agencies in the country and since the civil rights movement; however, the public has now become more aware of the phenomenon because of various accounts portrayed in the media; such as the death of Amadou Diallo in 1999.

Racial profiling is an example of police brutality, which is defined by Gross and Livingston (2002) as “the practice of some officers of stopping motorists of certain racial or ethnic groups because the officer believe that these groups are more likely than others to commit certain types of crimes” (p.1413). Therefore, individuals are treated unfairly by law enforcement solely based on their race. This type of mistreatment is unmerited and ultimately a violation of an individual’s rights. However, in many instances the courts do not find it a violation of their civil rights based on the fact that racial profiling is difficult to prove. Often, prosecutors are disinclined in bringing forth a case against officers on this particular matter. Officers are permitted to stop and search individuals and their vehicles whenever there is reasonable suspicion, however, there has been studies that prove that some law enforcement officers restrict these rights primarily to minority groups. Bowling and Phillips found that although there was no formal monitoring of use of these powers, it was concluded that it was particularly heavy use of these powers against ethnic minorities, largely of young black people (as cited in Sharp & Atherton, 2007, p. 747) . In several cases, officers argue that they reasonably pulled an individual over for other probable grounds such as: traffic violations, suspicious behavior, etc., with race never being an

In Brian Withrow's article on driving and race-based profiling, we get insight on the potential theory on why some races, usually the minorities, are shown with racial bias and discrimination. A brief description of what race-based policing is, how the practice was measured, and how it compared to recent studies are included within this article. The author's main argument is that beneath the appearance of racial bias and profiling, there are more factors in play other than that of one's race or ethnicity that determines how and if someone should be investigated. One finding that Withrow came across was that the population of a beat correlates with the patrol deployment within a city since the demand for police resources are not equal throughout

or fairness within the social, political, and economic perspectives. Equity forms the core value of both

Today in the world there are many incidents in society that are caused from false assumptions which lead to wrong decisions being made. These incidents are mainly based off of beliefs of certain stereotypes, and citizens begin to wonder if the police force is doing their job through justice, or simply misusing their power by mixing their own social and racial conclusions within their job. This leads to the fact that equality never really exists anywhere, and even ‘prominent’ individuals such as police officers are guilty of this, leading to the conclusion that even the law cannot be trusted.

Indeed, its unit of explanation is almost confined to the dyad, of how people assess their worth and outcomes relative to possible and existing relationship partners. Perhaps, expanding the notion of justice, equity theory can be applied to the realm of intergroup behavior. This may occur through the process of comparing the ingroup’s investments toward achieving positive social outcomes against those of the outgroup, while also examining the returns of investment achieved by one’s group relative to others. Prejudice and discrimination may be attributed to one group’s perception that social outcomes (e.g. funding, employment, welfare) are not being distributed fairly across groups, regardless if these resources are shared equally in reality—only that the group subjectively believes that they are worth more than what they already have, or that other groups are not deserving of how much they are

While our society has pushed for a larger focus on promoting diversity and acceptance, criticisms have emerged regarding the way we discuss and analyze certain differences. This is especially present in discussions concerning race, which is often difficult to hold conversations about and can easily become controversial. Instead of easing into these issues and differences that go on between various ethnicities, many members of modern society have adopted a “color blind” approach to handling these issues. The main point of color blindness is to treat individuals as equals with various factors, such as race and ethnicity, being disregarded. While it is based on good intentions, color blindness avoids the issues surrounding differences ignores