Colorectal Cancer : An End Stage Disease

Mr BW was a 74-year-old man who had a fall due to a new onset of seizures, which resulted, to a direct impact of his head on the ground while at home. While at the hospital, MR BW underwent a CT and MRI brain scan and showed a haematoma, which resulted to commencing of the patient on Keppra and Bezodiapenes. Moreover, Mr BW also developed a sudden onset of pleuretic chest pain, which was confirmed by CTPA as a small pleural effusion on the left lungs; while there was also pulmonary embolism on both upper and lower lobes of the left lung. Due to the development of a provoked pulmonary embolism, patient commenced on Clexane injection. In September 2015, an elective open abdominoperineal resection was performed on Mr BW, which resulted to prolonged stay in the hospital due to delayed wound healing.

In 2000, Eloisa Casas was diagnosed with colon cancer. She went through the stages of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy and one year later with considered to be cancer free and placed in remission. On July 10, 2001, she was addmitted to the hospital with abdominal pain, as well as a fever and an elevated white blood count, which could indicate a possible infection. Her primary physisian and surgeon, Dr. Garcia-Cantu, consulted infectious disease specialist, Dr. Jelinek, who then prescribed her Maxipime as a general antibiotic and Flagyl as an antibiotic for anaerobic bacteria on July 11.

Colon and rectal cancer develop in the digestive tract, which is also called the gastrointestinal, or GI, tract. The digestive system processes food for energy and rids the body of solid waste matter (fecal matter or stool). Colon cancer and rectal cancer have many features in common. Sometimes they are referred to together as colorectal cancer.

“She made me do it! She made Betty do it!” said seventeen year old Abigail Williams when accusing Tituba, a servant from Barbados, of witchcraft. Abigail is the person in the play, The Crucible, to do whatever it takes to stay alive and out of jail. The Crucible is a play inspired by the McCarthy hearings in the 1950’s. It focuses on the Salem witch trials and how the devils work is incorporated in the trials. Abigail was a walking and breathing problem during these trials because of her personality. She was stubborn, selfish, and persuasive. Her personality shows through out all four acts of the play in different situations, as does mine, but in a more minor way compared to hers.

Dr. Pingpank strongly supports treating peritoneal mesothelioma with cytoreduction surgery followed by heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), where hot chemotherapy drugs are administered directly into the abdomen.

There are about 35,000 new cases each year in the UK. More than 80% of

African Americans carry an uneven share of the cancer load in the United States, having the highest death rate and shortest survival of any racial or ethnic group for most cancers. In this article, I will provide updated data for African Americans on cancer rate, death, survival, and cancer screening. I also estimate the total number of deaths prevented among African Americans as a result of the decline in cancer death rates since the early 1990s.

In modern day society, it is important to view media through a critical lens to interpret the purpose of each piece. This interpretation skill is also necessary when viewing old pieces of text. William Shakespeare wrote The Taming of the Shrew at the end of the 16th century. Similar to his early comedies, it includes similar qualities including slapstick humor, deception and a happy ending for most of the characters. The play focuses on a concern of the Renaissance English society that some women were shrews, gossipy wives who resisted the assumed authority of a husband in a marriage.

Bowel cancer is the second leading cancer in Australia with over 90 % of whom over 50 years old (Bowel Cancer Australia, 2014). Every year, over 17,000 people are newly diagnosed with bowel cancer (Cancer Council Australia, 2015). The most common treatment for all stages of bowel cancer is removing the cancer and forming a stoma which may help people to maintain the maximum function of their digest system. Depending on the patient’s situation, the colostomy can be reversed to recover the function of absorb nutrition and exclude metabolites. This paper will review the whole process of a patient who received reversal colostomy from admission to discharge, and explain the symptoms that the patient had post operation.

The patient came to the emergency room complaining that his procedure, which created a new opening in his colon to allow for a damaged section of his colon to be bypassed, failed. The new opening was placed after a tumor caused by colon cancer was removed. Earlier in the day he felt nauseated, however, he denies vomiting blood or the presence of blood in his stool. In addition, he denied having difficulty or pain when swallowing, having pain when he speaks, or spitting up blood. When looking at his musculoskeletal system he denied having joint pain, or inflamed joints. Finally, he denied having pain while urinating or blood in his urine.

Patients in later stages of cancer first undergo a small surgery wherein a piece of the tissue is removed for biopsy. Thereafter chemotherapy and radiation are given in combination. Patients who have combination therapy invariably are not subjected to treatment through major surgery. However, patients who cannot have chemotherapy and radiation therapy may have to undergo major surgery. Usually this happens when the cancer is still present after the initial treatment or there is a relapse after the treatment is completed. In case the cancer is recurrent, the patient may have to undergo a colostomy where the anus, rectum and part of the colon are removed; and an opening is created in the abdomen so that feces can be collected in a bag. Even lymph nodes are removed in this procedure.

RC is a female of unknown age presented with a chief complaint of a persistent headache. Specifically, RC describes the pain as being located on her skull’s bony ride behind her left ear. The pain is localized to that region, does not travel or radiate to any other areas, and is described by the patient to be felt on her skull bone. The pain is described as being sharp and not dull. RC began noticing the onset of the pain about two months ago and reports it to have gradually gotten worse in severity. The pain gets worse towards the end of the days. The sharp pain makes her feel some “pressure” and “fogginess” in her head as the pain gets worse. Patient does not report any associated symptoms.

The patient is a 69-year-old male who presents to the ED complaining of worsening abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, unable to tolerate po. The CAT scan done the ED shows multiple hypodense lesions consistent with progressive metastatic disease with some distal gastric wall thickening and colonic wall thickening. The patient also presents with some rectal bleeding, generalized weakness and loss of appetite. The patient is known to have coronary artery disease, had recent stenting back in December with colon cancer with metastases. He has had chemotherapy and tumor embolization with Y 90. He initially tolerated all well with good response to the PET scan but recently has returned progressive metastatic disease in the liver metastases, as

All citizens in every city, country, province, state, or other nation tend to have differing opinions about the way a government works or should work. We do not agree with each other in these aspects nor do we agree with the decisions our government makes in the end. Yet, we seem perfectly happy with our system because that is just the way it is and has been for centuries. However, it is interesting to visualize a masked man, which we will soon identify as V, establishing vigilante justice by undoing a reputable yet corrupt government, in hopes of a creating a new start for the people in his country.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer among men and women in the United States, and mutations in the MUTYH gene significantly increase the risk of developing polyps that may evolve into cancer.1,2 Biallelic mutations in the MUTYH gene can lead to MYH-Associated Polyposis (MAP), which causes the growth of dozens to hundreds of polyps, furthering increasing the risk for colon cancer.2 Meanwhile, recent studies have shown that both biallelic and monoallelic mutations can contribute to bladder, ovarian, gastric, hepatobiliary, endometrial, and breast cancer.3 The MUTYH gene itself codes for the MYH glycosylase enzyme, which repairs mistakes in DNA caused by reactive oxygen species.3,4 Also a sign of oxidative stress, the oxidation product, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (OG), mimics thymine, eventually matching with adenine and resulting in a complete loss of the cytosine-guanine pair.4 MUTYH removes the undamaged A base from the mismatched pair, aiding in the correction of such damage.4 However, when MUTYH is mutated, there is an increase in G to T mutations, which can eventually affect the tumor suppressor genes APC and K-ras and lead to tumor formation.4 The MUTYH variants Y165C and G382D are the most common mutations seen in individuals with MAP, and for this reason are of great interest in research working towards reducing the risk of colorectal cancer.2,4 In recent years, the CRISPR/Cas system for gene editing has become the preferred method for