Colorectal Cancer : The Third Most Common Cancer

Colorectal cancer mainly starts at colon or the rectum. They are common in most of the way like features, but they have different treatment. What is the different between colon cancer and rectum cancer? Colon cancer happens first four to five feet of the large intestine and rectal cancer happens in the last few inches of the large intestine where it is connected to anus.

There are over 100 types of cancer. One type is called colon cancer, a very common disease in the lower part of the digestive system. Colon cancer is luckily very treatable if caught early, but because it is so common it is the second leading cause of death from cancer. About 140,000 people in the U.S. are diagnosed with colon cancer every year.

cancer stem cell: current controversies and new insights” National Institutes of Health (995) December 5, 2005]

Bowel cancer is the second leading cancer in Australia with over 90 % of whom over 50 years old (Bowel Cancer Australia, 2014). Every year, over 17,000 people are newly diagnosed with bowel cancer (Cancer Council Australia, 2015). The most common treatment for all stages of bowel cancer is removing the cancer and forming a stoma which may help people to maintain the maximum function of their digest system. Depending on the patient’s situation, the colostomy can be reversed to recover the function of absorb nutrition and exclude metabolites. This paper will review the whole process of a patient who received reversal colostomy from admission to discharge, and explain the symptoms that the patient had post operation.

In 2015, 132,700 people will be diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) and 49,700 people will die from the disease (ACS, 2015). According to the CDC, 1 in 30 cases of colorectal cancer can be attributed to Lynch syndrome (CDC, 2015). Using figures from 2015, that would be 3,981 new colorectal diagnoses related to Lynch syndrome. Livstone (2014) states, “Patients with one of several known mutations have a 70 to 80% lifetime risk of developing CRC”.

Colorectal cancer is cancer of the colon. It is also referred to as colon cancer. It is mostly found in people over the age of fifty. In the United States alone, it is the second leading cancer killer in the US. Colon cancer has four stages of cancer. The cancer can either be malignant or benign. The anatomy, signs and symptoms and treatments are all very important things to consider when encountering colon cancer.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer among men and women in the United States, and mutations in the MUTYH gene significantly increase the risk of developing polyps that may evolve into cancer.1,2 Biallelic mutations in the MUTYH gene can lead to MYH-Associated Polyposis (MAP), which causes the growth of dozens to hundreds of polyps, furthering increasing the risk for colon cancer.2 Meanwhile, recent studies have shown that both biallelic and monoallelic mutations can contribute to bladder, ovarian, gastric, hepatobiliary, endometrial, and breast cancer.3 The MUTYH gene itself codes for the MYH glycosylase enzyme, which repairs mistakes in DNA caused by reactive oxygen species.3,4 Also a sign of oxidative stress, the oxidation product, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (OG), mimics thymine, eventually matching with adenine and resulting in a complete loss of the cytosine-guanine pair.4 MUTYH removes the undamaged A base from the mismatched pair, aiding in the correction of such damage.4 However, when MUTYH is mutated, there is an increase in G to T mutations, which can eventually affect the tumor suppressor genes APC and K-ras and lead to tumor formation.4 The MUTYH variants Y165C and G382D are the most common mutations seen in individuals with MAP, and for this reason are of great interest in research working towards reducing the risk of colorectal cancer.2,4 In recent years, the CRISPR/Cas system for gene editing has become the preferred method for

Cancer is one of the top two leading causes of death today. According to estimates from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), in 2012 there were 14.1 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million cancer deaths worldwide. By 2030, there will have been 21.7 million new cancer cases and 13 million cancer deaths because of the unfavorable lifestyle. For instance, smoking, and poor are considered as a bad lifestyle that cause cancer; moreover, Colon cancer ( colorectal cancer ) is the third commonly occurred cancer. Both women and men have the same possibility to have colon cancer. Although this disease is renowned, it is essential to develop a better knowledge of the nature of colon cancer, its symptoms, and treatment.

In the United States (U.S.), colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second major cause of cancer associated deaths. During 2008-2012, per year incidence and mortality counts due to CRC were 42.4 and 15.5 per 100,000 men and women [2]. However, during 2008-2012 the incidence rate of CRC in AA population was 101.2 (16.89% higher) as compared to 84.1 of CA per 100,000 men and women. Moreover, the number of AA deaths associated with CRC was 47.5 (54.72% higher) in comparison with 30.7 CA deaths per 100,000 men and women [2]. CRC patients of AA

Cancer, a disease that can affect multiple areas in your body. The colon is one area highly susceptible to Cancer. Characterized by the development of Malignant cells in the lining of the large intestine, (Richard; Teresa; Melinda; Lee) Colon Cancer is currently the third leading cause of death among men and women.(Richard; Teresa; Melinda; Lee) So what is the colon used for? The colon is used for preserving fluids and electrolytes as it moves waste towards the rectum.(CRC) By starting in the colon how does it spread to other organs in the body? Lymphatics are vein like structures that carry Lymph, a fluid that carries proteins for the cells. Before entering the bloodstream Lymph Passes through the lymph nodes which act as small little filters for the body.

Colorectal cancer affects colon and rectum. Also it occurs in the large intestine. When the cancer is in the last six inches of the rectum, it is known as a rectal cancer. Additionally, colon is in the lower part of the digestive system that processes food and rides the body of waste. Simultaneously, these are referred to as colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common disease in our society that kills men and women. It is ranked the third most common cause of death among the African American men and women in the United States of America. In addition, colorectal cancer is caused by ulcerative colitis, certain types of diets such as diets that are high in red meat, obesity, smoking, alcohol abuse, and poor exercise. Also, colorectal

Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by out-of-control cell growth. Colon cancer forms when this uncontrolled cell growth happens in the cells of the large intestine. Most colon cancers originate from small, noncancerous (benign) tumors called adenomatous polyps that form on the inner walls of the large intestine. Some of these polyps may grow into malignant colon cancers over time if they are not removed during colonoscopy - a procedure looking at the inner lining of the intestine. Colon cancer cells will invade and damage healthy tissue that is near the tumor, causing many complications. After malignant tumors form, the cancerous cells may travel through the blood and lymph systems, spreading to other parts of the body. These

Colon or colorectal cancer emerges when a malignant tumor arises on the inner walls of the large intestine or rectum. It is the third most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer deaths in over 50,000 patients. Colorectal cancer does not discriminate amongst race or gender, however it is most commonly found in individuals over the age of fifty, generally not in younger cases (What is Colon Cancer). It evolves in the tissues of the colon which is found in the lower portion of the gastrointestinal tract. The colon is an essential organ which absorbs nutrients and water and stores the rest as waste (Colorectal Cancer information). However when the DNA of healthy cells has any sort of malfunction or is damaged, the cells continue to divide

The most common diagnosed cancer is colon cancer (also known as colorectal cancer). In the United States, it’s second leading cause of death related to cancer. Is there a difference between colon cancer and colorectal cancer? Having proper education and understanding of the disease is important to the patient.” Colon cancer is malignancy that begins in the colon or large intestine. The tube-like organ near the end of the digestive system.” (http://coloncancercoalition.org/get-educated) Colorectal cancer is part of the colon and the rectum, at the end of the large intestine is the rectum. Where the body expel waste product through the anus. In the large intestine polyps can appear flat or knob-like growths. (http://coloncancercoalition.org/get-educated)

There are five ways that we can do to prevent colorectal cancer in our daily life. First, maintaining a healthy weight. There are at least 11 different cancer have been linked to weight gain and obesity. (siteman.wustl.edu) Second, do not smoke. Smoking can increase your chances to get cancer in addition to heart disease stroke and emphysema. (siteman.wustl.edu) Third, do more exercises. Being physically active lowers the risk of many serious diseases, including colon cancer. (siteman.wustl.edu) Forth, limit red meat or processed food. Eating steak or pork and bacon or sausage can increased the risk of colorectal cancer. (siteman.wustl.edu)Last but not least, get enough calcium and vitamin D. According to statistic, people who did not get enough vitamin D and calcium has a higher risk of colorectal cancer. (siteman.wustl.edu)