Colored People in Jazz by Toni Morrison

During a time where African American literature was fueled with racial segregation and pride in ones race during the Harlem Renaissance, Zora Neale Hurston offers a different and controversial approach with her literary work “How it feels to be colored me”.(13) In the works Hurston uses several colloquialisms, anecdotes, imagery and figurative expression to invite the reader on an adventure filled with pleasure. The poem takes the reader from the beginning of the Hurston’s childhood back in Eatonville, Florida into adulthood in Orlando, Florida. Hurston proves that overcoming racism can be accomplished by uniting the public and ignoring the visual difference in a person’s outer appearance. Hurston’s strength, individuality and resilience scream

The article “Jazz and White Critic” by Amiri Baraka brings light to an element of jazz criticism that he is frustrated by. Baraka finds controversy in the ideas white critics write about regarding jazz music. Baraka states, “Most jazz critics have been white Americans, but most important jazz musicians have not been.” In the 1960’s, when Baraka made this statement, jazz was becoming more popularized and socially accepted. African American jazz musicians took a long, strenuous journey over decades to push their music into the spotlight to become one of the most popular music styles in society internationally. The special element of jazz is its raw emotion. Baraka distinguishes between “White Jazz”, music

Racism is a widely discussed topic, and everyone agrees that it is something that only causes harm. People with racist views can view others from other groups as people who are lesser than them and might use physically actions to show their dislike. In response to that, more and more people are having their own ideas of how to identify and end racism. For example, Kwame Anthony Appiah who brought out the idea of extrinsic racism, the perspective of utilitarianism, and the Kantian ethic are views that show why racism is wrong and how it can be ended.

Today I ran into Josephine Baker, the famous flapper in Harlem N.Y. She carried herself well,very poised and polished, however, she overflowed with eccentricity. Socially, people love her, she can act, dance, and sing. Josephine is Harlem’s most entertaining entertainer! Not to mention, Langston Hughes wrote a poem about her called “Negro Dancers”, he wasn’t fooling anybody with his metaphors and symbolism! I remember seeing her perform “The Chocolate Dandies” for the first time at the Colonial Theater on 1887 Broadway, 62nd St. New York! It was the year 1924, I was given a advertisement flier to attend one of the first, black musical performances! I was completely shocked because this was a life changing time for black people around the nation,

The Scramble for Africa can easily be defined as the forced invasion and division of African countries among European superpowers. Those powers included Great Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Germany, and Belgium. Each superpower wanted control over a certain area on the continent and would do anything to ensure that their area remained in their best interest. To bring the conflicts to the forefront, the countries participated in the Berlin Africa Conference in 1884-1885. In this conference, the issues of Anglo-German relations and everybody’s control in Africa were discussed. As a result of the conference, European control began to overtake the African continent and imperialism became a giant part of the European mark. In his book, “Worlds of Color” W.E.B DuBois discusses the idea of whole colonial enterprise stating that the problem the world faces is the color line. This can easily be interpreted as Dr. DuBois giving the idea that if World, more specifically European superpowers stop viewing the color line and Africa’s color line as something less than them a lot of the world’s issues could be detected and fixed. But more importantly, Dr. DuBois is stating that without the Worlds of Color, European industrialization would not exist.

When people move from one, place to another, over time that person changes. The way people act; the way the city is run changes the person, whether it would be how they talk how people act to other people. In Toni Morrison’s Jazz, the author shows the reader just how important geography is to a person’s thought process and actions. A character in Jazz named Violet Trace shows the reader just how important a change in geography can be for a person. Throughout the novel, Morrison shows the effect of migrating from the south to the north and how the city changes the way certain people think and what it could lead them to do. The concept of geography and what it does psychologically shows the reader how or why a certain person did something. The settings used by Morrison show the reader what the effect is when moving from place to another and more specifically how Violet moving from the south to the north affected her psychologically.

“The History of White People”, is a book written by Nell Irvin Painter. My first impression was very wrong. From the title, I expected a documentary type video about white culture; honestly, I expected the video to concentrate mostly on the historical time period when slavery existed. However, the video is Nell Irvin Painter reading from the beginning, and ends of her book. Rather than the video being about a certain historical time period, it is a literal adaptation of the title. The book is about how the “white race” came about; it discusses how certain ethnicities, and races came to be considered white, or Caucasian. I believe the book probably contains a lot more history, however she skipped over most of that and touched on the main points.

Realizing the quality of an individual varies depending on the environment they are in. This relates to Zora Neale Hurston in her article, “How It Feels To Be Colored Me.” She states, “I feel most colored when I am thrown against a sharp white background.” Hurston does this to convey her ideal message in her article, which is being proud of her race and deterring the racial remarks forced on her even after being put in an environment making her further aware of her color. This statement fuels and is central to her argument by turning her living situation into a sarcastic analogy, as well as using the tool of imagery to help her argument. In turn this simplifies her emotional feelings and transition between locations to allow the audience to

In the novel, The Book of Negroes, the author Lawrence Hill portrays how Aminata acknowledges betrayal and distrust within the characters in the novel, as even the minor characters in the novel are affected by this. The author showcases many examples of distrust and betrayal throughout the text, such as how Aminata’s husband Chekura leaves her multiple of times in her life. Also then after her first owner, Robinson Appleby abuses Amianta severely. Aminata’s mentor, Solomon Lindo defines the true meaning of deception. The Book of Negroes demonstrates the characteristics and skills that Aminata goes through in her life, as she suffers many tragic events trying to gain her freedom.

White privilege is the societal privileges that specifically benefit white people. White privilege is why white people can get pulled over by the police and escape a ticket with just a smile and apology. White privilege is also why whites are in charge of a company and they see a black person, they bypass the application. Whites carry a certain privilege not available to people of color. Marilyn Frye describes how whiteness is a form social and political power.

bell hooks, renowned black feminist and cultural critic criticizes the lack of racial awareness in her essay, Representing Whiteness in the Black Imagination (1992). ‘bell hooks’ is written in lower case to convey that the substance of her work reigns more important than the writer. From a marginalized perspective, hooks argues that sites of dominance, not otherness is problematic and critiques the lack of attention that white scholars pay to the representation of whiteness in the black imagination. Critical feminist scholars Peggy McIntosh and Ruth Frankenberg identify their own whiteness as a dominant discourse, but share a critical departure from hooks with the notion of whiteness as terror. hooks aim is not to reverse racism, but discuss her position to authentically inform readers about how she experiences racism. Furthermore, systems of oppression are manufactured by human thought and thus the site of the Other is always produced as a site of difference. Gender, race, sex, class, disability, and geography are situated differently in social structure, but dominant groups assume they share the same reality though they cannot experience it. In consequence, the Other cannot hold a singularized identity of their own and the binary structure succeeds in containing racialized bodies in place. What happens to those bodies when they cross boundaries of the binary? hooks recounts being routinely disciplined back into place when crossing the border; however, dominant white

Zora Neale Hurston was an African-American folklorist, novelist and anthropologist. She was born in 1891 and lived in the first all-black town in the United States, Eatonville, Florida. Her 1937 novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God and played a vital role in the literacy movement the Harlem Renaissance is what she is best known for. Zora Neale Hurston depicts racism in her writings and has contributed greatly to African-American literature. Her work became more popular posthumously.

Whiteness is an integrative ideology that has transpired in North America throughout the late 20th century to contemporary society. It is a social construction that sustains itself as a dogma to social class and vindicates discrimination against non-whites. The power of whiteness is illustrated in social, cultural and political practices. These measures are recognized as the intent standard in which other cultures are persuaded to live by. Bell hooks discusses the evolution of whiteness in an innovative article in which she theorizes this conviction as normative, a structural advantage, an inclusive standpoint, and an unmarked name by those who are manipulating this interdisciplinary. Most intellects, including hooks, would argue that whiteness is a continuation of history; a dominant cultural location that has been unconsciously disclosing its normativity of cultural practice, advocating fear, destruction, and terror for those who are being affected by this designation.

1.Giovanni, Nikki. “Langston Hughes -Dinner Guest: Me.” Shimmy Shimmy Shimmy like My Sister Kate: Looking at the Harlem Renaissance through Poems. Giovanni, Nikki and Langston Hughes. New York: H. Holt, 1996,

Jazz, a novel by Toni Morrison, explores many different aspects of African American life in the early part of the twentieth century. This novel tells a story of the difficulties faced by black families living in the United States. Toni Morrison describes in detail a few of the upsetting situations they had to face. She also subtly throughout the book places one or two lines that tell a tale of injustice. Jazz is a novel filled with many stories of inequality affecting the black community.