Colorimetric Assay Lab Report

Admission Lab Work Sodium 135 mEq/L Potassium 3.4 mEq/L Chloride 99 mEq/L BUN 18 mg/dL Creatinine 1.0 mg/dL Hemoglobin 11 g/dL

A sample of urine was taken from a patient with kidney disease was labeled as

* 8. What was the mean severity for renal disease for the research subjects? What was the dispersion or variability of the renal disease severity scores? Did the severity scores vary significantly between the control and the experimental groups? Is this important? Provide a rationale for your answer.

Drueke TB, Locatelli F, Clyne N, Eckardt KU, Macdougall IC, Tsakiris D, et al. Normalization of hemoglobin level in patients with chronic kidney disease and anemia. N Engl J Med. 2006 Nov 16;355(20):2071-84.

His vital signs are as follows: BP 172/100, heart rate 92 beats per minute, and a temperature of 102.2 F. There have been some labs done. His red blood count is 3.1 million cells, white blood count is 22,000 cells, potassium is 5.4 mEq/L, calcium is 6.8 mg/dL, phosphate is 4.3 mEq/L, urea is 37 mg/dL, creatinine 2.0 mg/dL, albumin is 2.9 mg/dL, and pH is 7.29. With labs like these, more testing was done. A chemistry panel which showed protein 1.7

These tests also help nurses and physicians to see the fluctuations that take place from time of admission. The patient came in with low RBC’s which may be caused by her chronic kidney failure. Erythropoietin is excreted by the kidneys to gather more red blood cells. When the kidneys are not functioning, this may inhibit the excretion of erythropoietin, causing a low red blood cell count. She also came in with low hemoglobin levels which indicates anemia which also goes hand in hand with her low red blood cell count because hemoglobin is a protein located within red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body and tissues. E.M. lastly appeared to have low hematocrit levels this again, is associated with the patient's anemia this is the proportion of blood that contains red blood cells, and in this patient's case is very

There is hyaline thrombus formation in capillaries causing restriction of blood flow making it difficult to filter blood to urine. The creatinine levels are commonly normal or elevated at this class. This is the most advanced class of lupus nephritis that results in tremendous protein loss and swelling (Johnson, 2012).

Change in urinary urea: creatinine ratio was positively associated with the average daily intake of total protein, dairy protein in grams, and non-dairy protein in grams.

His abnormal results were: urine protein presence, blood urea nitrogen 37 mg/dL (high), creatinine 1.9 mg/dL (high), chloride level 110 mmol/L (high), calcium level 8.3 mg/dL (low), total protein 5.6 g/dL (low), and albumin 2.7 g/dL (low). Normal levels of these results are: absence of protein in urine, blood urea nitrogen 8-21 mg/dL, creatinine 0.61-1.21 mg/dL, chloride level 97-107 mmol/L, calcium level 8.2-10.2 mg/dL, total protein 6-8 g/dL, and albumin 3.4-4.8 g/dL (Bladh et al., 2013). These abnormal lab results can be caused by and related to many

A nonprobability sampling was utilized. The creatinine level was checked before the participant took part in the study. The study participants had a similar socioeconomic status, same genetic homogeneity, and several years of formal education.

This patient probably has kidney disease. A urine pH on the higher side, crystals in urine, and large amounts of protein in the urine are all common identifiers for kidney disease. Since this patient displays all three of these, it is very likely that he or she is afflicted with it.

If a patient’s signs and symptoms suggest that he or she has acute renal failure the primary caregiver might suggest tests and procedures verify the diagnosis. Some of those tests include urine output measurements which would help the physician determine the cause of the kidney failure. Another test that could be taken is a urinalysis which may show abnormalities that suggest kidney failure. Having a blood test that shows rising levels of urea and creatinine which are also measured to kidney function. Different imaging tests such as ultrasound or computerized tomography (CT) may be used to help get a clearer image of your kidneys and see any abnormalities. Lastly your physician might suggest a kidney biopsy to remove a small sample of kidney tissue for lab testing. In chronic kidney disease there are 5 different stages. Patients in stages 1 through 3 are primarily seen by their physician while patients with stage 4 CKD will be treated at the Nephrology clinic until the illness progresses to stage 5. At stage 5 of renal failure the patient starts to receive dialysis. Patients that are in Stages 1 and 2 have few symptoms. Often early stages of renal failure are identified by testing for abnormally high levels of creatinine or urea in the

According to national kidney foundation, acute kidney injury is defined as a sudden episode of kidney failure or damage that occurs in our body within a few hours or a few days. For the patient having acute kidney failure, the waste products will build-up in their blood and it makes their kidneys hard to keep the right balance of fluid in their body. It can also be defined as an abrupt or rapid fall in renal filtration rate. Acute kidney injury is detected by an increased in serum creatinine concentration or by an increased in level of blood urea nitrogen. However, when the patient just diagnosed with acute kidney injury, their serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen may seem normal and at this time the only sign that they can detect is through

One of the diseases is diabetes mellitus which is a major cause of renal failure. This disease can be defined as an increase of fasting blood glucose that is affected by a deficiency in insulin hormone. The normal range for glucose (fasting) in the blood is 2.8-6.0 mmol/L. It is classified into two groups, type 1 (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) and type 2 (non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus). Stein (2008, p.6) points out that kidney failure happens most often when patients have suffered from diabetes mellitus for more than 10 years. According to United States Renal Data System (USRDS) report in 2007, approximately 44% of primary causes of renal failure is diabetes mellitus in the United States in 2005. Also, Stein (2008) indicates that 15% of dialysis patients are influenced by diabetes mellitus in the United Kingdom. Diabetes mellitus has negative affects throughout the kidneys where the increase of the range of blood sugar causes the damages to the cells in the kidneys. This leads to the presence of the glucose in the urine which is known as glycosuric.

Background and Objectives: Serum creatinine/creatinine clearance despite all its well-known limitations has been the analyte of choice in the assessment of renal function. The possibility of Cystatin C to be a preferred marker of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) over to the widely used serum creatinine has been suggested1. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of Cystatin C with that of serum creatinine in the assessment of GFR in patients with hypertension and diabetes.