Common Practices For Noncommissioned Officers

Populations and Setting: Art Therapy for People with Suicide According to Suicide Statistics — AFSP (2015), approximately 44.193 people die because of committing suicide every year. Suicide is one of the common leading causes of death in the United States. The age-adjusted suicide rate is 13.26 people per 100,000 population in a year. Men have a suicide rate 3.5 times higher than women. There are 121 people who commit suicide on average per a day. Suicide rate is highest in the middle age, especially white male. In 2015, the highest suicide rate was among adults between the ages of 45 and 64 years. The second highest suicide rate occurred at the age of 85 and older. Suicide rates had have been consistently lower for young people than for

Veterans of the Iraq As a consequence of the stresses of war and inadequate job training, when they get out of the service many have fallen behind their contemporaries. If they are fortunate enough to become employed, many of them are unable to hold a job due to untreated PTSD and acquired addictions without services and counseling designed for them. These factors may place our returning veterans at a higher risk of suicide. In 2007, the US Army reported that there were 115 suicides among OIF/OEF veterans. This was the highest number of suicides reported since the Army started keeping track about 30 years ago. In general, the risk for suicide among these veterans was not higher than that found in the U.S. population (Tull). However, there are several programs and 24 hour suicide hotlines available for those that may contemplate committing suicide as an option.

Veterans, compared to the U.S. population, have a higher risk of suicide. Suicide is a major public health concern, with suicide being the 11th leading cause of death across all ages and the seventh leading cause of death in males. Depression, PTSD, substance use disorders, access to firearms, and a history of self-harm or suicide attempts are factors that place veterans at higher risk for suicide. The increased risk for suicide among veterans has been brought to public attention, which has lead The Department of Veteran Affairs to announce the prevention of suicide to be a major national priority. In response to the increase in suicide rates, the Department of Veteran Affairs has created a comprehensive suicide prevention efforts and has collaborated with the of Defense (DoD) to develop a clinical practice guideline based on best available evidence and expert consensus (Chapman & Ibrahim, 2015).

Justin Terhune English Composition Instructor Coleman 30th June 2015 #22 a day 2015Across the US, it is estimated that 22 veterans commit suicide a day. This is a shocking and disturbing number. And what is even more alarming is that this statistic doesn’t include active-duty members. Between January and March of this year 75 active-duty Soldiers have taken their own life. These numbers are from the Pentagon’s quarterly Suicide Event Report. Veterans are returning from an active combat theater and taking their own lives at an alarming rate.

The highest rates of suicide in Veteran populations mimic those of the general population: being male, white, and elderly (York, Lamis, Pope & Egede, 2013). Currently, available literature agrees that the top influencing factors of Veteran suicide include depression, combat experience endured, and psychiatric disorders not previously diagnosed. Historically, the incidence of suicide has been 25% lower in military personnel than in civilian peers (Kane et al., 2013). However, with prolonged and repeated deployments seen in OEF/OIF/OND, the incidence of suicide has almost doubled among U.S. Marine and Army soldiers between 2005 and 2009. Firearms, the most frequent means of completed suicide in the general adult population, account for 41% of completed suicide of all military personnel, who are routinely trained in firearm use during basic training (Johnson et al., 2013).

Goldsmith, S.K., Pellmar, T.C., Kleinman, A.M., Bunney, W.E. (2002). Reducing Suicide: A National Imperative. (pp 331-374). National Academies Press.

Kate, Peter. “Military Suicides.” CQ Researcher 23 Sept 2011: 781-804 1 Apr 2016 The CQ Researcher article is very lengthy and covers a myriad of information in regard to the growing problem of veteran suicide. Data provided throughout the article covers Vietnam veterans through Afghanistan war veterans up to the year 2011 and includes statistics of suicide rates as well as PTSD statistics. The information presented was non-biased and presented valuable statistical information in regard to PTSD, traumatic brain Injury and suicide. However, what this article lacked was any form of solution to this growing problem. One quote I found interesting was, “A study of more than 300,000 men who died from 1986 to 1994 showed that veterans were twice

2. Summarize the four types of suicide in the sociological model postulated by Émile Durkheim. Our text explains that Durkheim’s sociological model gets to the center of the relationship between an individual and the community. Egoistic suicide -When someone has little or no ties to society, Durkheim calls it, low integration

Suicide is the act of purposely killing of oneself and considered as a serious public health problem. Most often, suicidal individuals are trying to avoid emotional or physical pain that they cannot bear; sometimes, they are very angry and take their lives to last out others (Piotrowski, N. & Hartmann, P., 2016). According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, that in 2012, approximately 40,000 suicides were reported in the United States, making suicide the 10th leading reported cause of death for persons aged ≥ 16 years. From 2000 to 2012, rates of suicide among persons in this age group increased 21.1% from 13.3 per 100,000 to 16.1. The World Health Organization reported that many millions of people are affected or experience suicide

Combating Suicide As a senior leader in the United States Army, it is our responsibility to set the tone for our organizations by providing a positive example for Soldiers to emulate. Soldiers look to senior leaders for guidance, mentorship, and inspiration in difficult times. Suicide and suicidal ideations amongst Soldiers are tragic event that we must prepare for. Ultimately Soldiers that have made up their mind to end their life is one too many, and this epidemic needs a drastic change. In 2009, the Army suffered a record number of suicides among active-duty Soldiers totaling 352 (Haynes, 2015). Since then suicides in the Army have lingered around 280 a year during 2013-2014 (Haynes, 2015). To better prepare leaders and Soldiers for suicide and other stressful situations the Army invested in a program called Master Resilience Training (MRT) part of the Comprehensive Soldier and Family Fitness (CSF2). The premise of MRT is to equip Soldiers and leaders with the skills required to deal with adversity, change how they react to stressful situations, and arm them with the tools they need to cope with complex situations by quickly bouncing back. When a Soldier has decided to take his/her life or attempt to take his life, there are many contributing factors such as personal loss, stress, or even combat related disorder. Sergeants Major

Suicide is death caused by an individual with the intent to die; as a result self-inflicted injury. A suicide attempt is the non-fatal self-inflicted injury; and suicidal ideation is the thought of inflicting self- harm or planning suicide (CDC). Montana suicide rate for 2014 was 243; Lake County accounted for 85 of that suicide rate. Suicidal attempts in the United States reached to approximately 1.5 million in 2014; this is one attempt every 30 seconds (sprc.org). January 2015 to 2016, 14.6 % of students had ideations of suicide, and 8.6% of students had attempted suicide (sprc.org).

The Increasing Empowerment of the American NCO Over Time Introduction Over the course of time, the non-commissioned officer (or NCO) in America has been given more and more power. There are three important factors that have caused this, including (a) increased responsibility, (b) discipline issues, and (c) an increased number of conflicts (Dupuy, 1992; Spade, 2011). In other words, NCOs have simply needed to take on more work, especially as more conflicts throughout the world have resulted in a military that is sometimes stretched thin where certain ranks are concerned. Not all NCOs were ready for their extra duties in the past, but times have changed and will continue to do so in the future (Green, 2010; Spade, 2011). Even though the non-commissioned officers (NCOs) involved in Task Force Smith and the 24th Division did not effectively prepare for war in Vietnam, U.S. military has prepared its NCOs for the ever-increasing burdens of responsibility that have transpired. In my opinion, this will continue because of significant improvement in NCOES and MTOE changes throughout history.

Today, the Army suicide rate is 20.2 per 100,000 personnel which is higher than registered civilian males ages 19 to 29. The shocking effects of this war are seen in these numbers; before 2001, the Army rarely suffered 10 suicides per 100,000 soldiers. The Marine suicide rate has soared since 2001 from 12 to at least 19.5 per 100,000 soldiers. For every death, at least five members of the armed forces were hospitalized for attempting to take their life (Cogan). About one third of last years’ service members had told at least one person they planned to kill themselves, as found in the report. According to the Navy Times, 2 percent of Army, 2.3 percent of Marines and 3 percent of Navy soldiers responded to a survey conducted by the military; a shocking 28,536 members from all branches reported they had attempted suicide at some point. These rapidly increasing fatalities are leaving military personnel scrambling for answers and solutions. However, through a multitude of research there has been some leeway on discovering the common variables amount soldiers committing suicide. The most commonly identified risk factors and "stressors", according to the leaders who testified, are relationship issues, work-related problems, financial pressure, legal concerns, alcoholism and substance abuse (Wong). As Army Deputy Chief of Staff Maj. Gen. Thomas Bostick spoke, “Despite common knowledge, military suicides are not necessarily linked to overseas

In the article “Suicidal Ideation and Mental Distress among Adult with Military Service History: Results from 5 US States, 2010,” the mental distress that Veterans go through is examined. The article states that since 2005 military veterans have made up about 20% of people who committed suicide. In the article they examined 26,736 individuals from five states (both veterans and civilians), put them into age categories, and examine any suicidal thoughts for the past year and past thirty days mental distress. The results of the article was that “people with military service history had higher odds of reporting past 30-days mental distress than those without a military service history” (S598). This article also found that there was no major difference of prevalence of past thirty day mental distress when it came to age groups except for the veterans 65 and older. They had only 7.5% prevalence while the others had 11.5% prevalence. The results also found that, concerning the past-year suicidal ideation, “When prevalence was stratified by age group, a higher proportion of people aged 40 to 64 years with military service history than people without military service” (S598). However; much of the same with the past thirty day distress, there no major difference in the prevalence of past year suicidal thoughts when divided by military service. The article

Suicide Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one’s own death. Possible leadings include mental disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, personality disorders, substance abuse, and self-harm. It can also be caused due to stress from financial difficulties, relationship problems, and even bullying. Those who have previously attempted are at a higher risk of future attempts (Bi et al., 2017). Suicide is the 13th leading cause of death globally and accounts for over 58,000 deaths in Europe a year (Freeman et al., 2017).