Common Type Of Benign Primary Cardiac Tumor

Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a disease that mainly affects the apex of the heart and does not cause any obstruction. [1] These abnormalities in the heart muscle can cause a wide variety of symptoms. As the heart becomes stiff it increases the pressure in the left ventricle which can push blood back into the lungs, causing shortness of breath in exercise. Chest pain can occur as there is not enough oxygen available to the cardiac muscle due to insufficient blood supply. Palpitations and lightheadedness, along with other conditions can occur as a result of HCM. In addition to these discomforting symptoms, the patient may develop an arrhythmias that often goes unnoticed. An arrhythmia takes place as the electrical conduction of the heart is disturbed by the abnormal scattering of myocytes. The two most common arrhythmias are atrial fibrillation causing palpitations, and ventricular tachycardia that can be life threatening causing sudden death. Both conditions can be controlled with medication. [4]

Most heart diagrams show the left atrium and ventricle on the right side of the diagram. Imagine the heart in the body of a person facing you. The left side of their heart is on their left, but since you are facing them, it is on your right.

diagnosed with an irregular sized heart and mitral valve prolapse, which would have to be monitored

Consequences of left ventricular systolic dysfunction include ischemic diseases, atrial fibrillation, increased ventricular response, and myocardial infarctions2. Some of these symptoms were seen in the patient from the case study. Factors leading to left

confusion, and anxiety. Right sided heart failure that is backward failure can be manifested by

Pulmonary embolism is defined as a blood clot or blockage in the lungs. A pulmonary embolism can be small or massive. Either small or massive can cause serious complications in an individual. Breathlessness, chest pain, coughing up blood (hemoptysis), a mildly raised body temperature, tachycardia, and sometimes no symptoms at all are all acute symptoms of a pulmonary embolism. Severe breathlessness, chest pain, feeling faint, and some cases cardiac arrest are all symptoms of a chronic pulmonary embolism (Hartree, 2014).

Abstract: Cardiac myxomas are the most common primary tumors of the heart. Although these tumors have been reported in all cardiac chambers, myxomas arising from heart valves are extremely rare. Herein, we report a new case of a patient with mitral valve myxoma, as well as review 89 reported cases of these tumors in the literature. Mitral valve myxomas often occur in middle age patients, with slight female gender predominance. Most of these tumors arise in an isolated fashion on the atrial side of the anterior mitral valve leaflet. The embolic events were the most frequent manifestation, followed by obstructive symptoms. Unlike atrial myxomas,

More specifically the mitral valve which is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart. Mitral prolapse can be localized meaning it only involves one leaflet of the valve or a segment of a leaflet. There is also generalized prolapse which involves the entire mitral valve. Patients have been known to suffer from a wide range of symptoms that include palpitations, tachycardia, arrhythmia, dizziness, mental fogginess, weakness, anxiety, sharp chest pains and other effects. Symptoms tend to be mild but vary from patient to patient; however some patients have reported no symptoms at all. For patients that do experience symptoms they usually occur when blood is flowing backward through the valve also known as regurgitation. Complications typically include Mitral valve regurgitation, arrhythmias, and endocarditis. Valve regurgitation's are the most common complication, with this complication the valve leaks blood back into the left atrium. Patients with high blood pressure have a higher risk of valve regurgitation. Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms that usually occur in the upper chambers of the heart. They are usually harmless but may be bothersome in some patients. Endocarditis is an infection of the endocardium in the inner lining of the

There are four types of ASD, classified according to their position in the interatrial septum (Figure 2):

Congenital left ventricular outpouching (LVO) is a rare disorder in which a confined protrusion arises from the left ventricular (LV) free wall. The terms LV aneurysm, LV diverticulum, double-chambered LV and LV accessory chamber have been used interchangeably in the literature [1–9], however anatomical differences do exist between these terms [10]. LV aneurysm is an expansible thin-walled, usually fibrotic myocardium and pericardium, pouch contracting in asynchrony with the LV and has a wide communication with the LV cavity. Conversely, an LV diverticulum has three cardiac wall layers (endocardium, myocardium and pericardium), contracts in synchrony with the LV and has a narrow connection to LV. LV accessory chamber presents an entity that combines some criteria of both aneurysm and diverticulum. Its wall is similar to a diverticulum but it has a wide communication with the LV as an aneurysm. Lastly, double-chambered left

These chambers are separated by valves to prevent back flow of blood (into the atria). Between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the tricuspid valve and between the left atrium and the left ventricle is the bicuspid valve. Separating the left ventricle and the aorta is the aortic valve and the pulmonic valve is found between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

The prevalence of HCM worldwide is 1:500 making it the most common heritable congenital heart disorder (O’Hanlon, 2010). Annual mortality rates for presenting patient’s range from <1% within the general community, to 3-6% from tertiary referral centres (Noureldin et al, 2012). This range is most likely due to the fact that tertiary centres are specialist centres, and patients suspected to have HCM would be referred straight to a tertiary centre. There is currently no evidence to suggest that incidence or mortality is affected by gender (Maron et al, 2002).

As seen in the figure, CMR revealed a large, broad-based aneurysm (12 mm x 25 mm) at the base of the right ventricle, under the anterior aspect of the tricuspid valve annulus. The aneurysm was thin-walled with paradoxical motion and transmural late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Global right ventricular systolic function was moderately depressed with and ejection fraction of 31%. Left ventricular size and ejection

Valvular heart disease is any disease development involving one or more of the four valves of the heart, aortic and the ital. valves are located on the left while the pulmonary and tricuspid valve are on the right; and this conditions basically occur largely as a result of aging. Early detection may improve outcomes from surgery, and treatment may be with medication but often depends on the severity which involves valve replacement. All the four valves can be stenosis which makes the heart work harder than it should and this eventually leads to heart failure (CHF) and some other symptoms such as SOB, angina, syncope, chest pain, palpitation, and edema. I find this case very interesting because all this symptoms may be attributed to other disease

Cardiac: Regular rhythm without murmur, normal S1and S2. One plus edema to bilateral lower extremities. Capillary refills are presents and carotid bruits are absent.